Innate lymphoid cells in tissue homeostasis and diseases.
Innate lymphoid cells in tissue homeostasis and diseases.
复制标题
组织稳态和疾病中的先天淋巴样细胞。
DOI：
10.4254/wjh.v9.i23.979
复制
发表时间：
2017-08-18
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Camara NOS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ignacio A;Breda CNS;Camara NOS
先天性淋巴样细胞(ILCs)是最新发现的天然免疫细胞家族。它们是先天免疫系统的一部分，但从淋巴血统发展而来。它们缺乏模式识别受体和重排受体，因此不能直接介导抗原特异性反应。与ILCs血统相关的祖细胞已经被发现，从而能够区分ILCs和自然杀伤细胞。根据对特定转录因子的需求及其产生细胞因子的方式，ILC可分为三个亚群(ILC1、ILC2和ILC3)。首先在粘膜表面观察到，在动态平衡和疾病期间，这些细胞群与全身的造血细胞和非造血细胞相互作用，促进免疫、共生微生物区系耐受、组织修复和炎症。在过去的8年里，ILCs作为一种能够整合不同宿主免疫反应的基本细胞类型而受到关注。最近，人们知道ILC亚群在屏障表面的免疫反应中起着关键作用，它与微生物区系、营养物质和代谢物相互作用。由于肝脏直接接受来自肠静脉的静脉血液，因此肠道和肝脏对维持耐受性是必不可少的，并能对感染或组织损伤做出快速反应。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于ILC在体内平衡和疾病中的作用的最新发现，重点是肠和肝脏。
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells. They are a part of the innate immune system, but develop from the lymphoid lineage. They lack pattern-recognition receptors and rearranged receptors, and therefore cannot directly mediate antigen specific responses. The progenitors specifically associated with the ILCs lineage have been uncovered, enabling the distinction between ILCs and natural killer cells. Based on the requirement of specific transcription factors and their patterns of cytokine production, ILCs are categorized into three subsets (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3). First observed in mucosal surfaces, these cell populations interact with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells throughout the body during homeostasis and diseases, promoting immunity, commensal microbiota tolerance, tissue repair and inflammation. Over the last 8 years, ILCs came into the spotlight as an essential cell type able to integrate diverse host immune responses. Recently, it became known that ILC subsets play a key role in immune responses at barrier surfaces, interacting with the microbiota, nutrients and metabolites. Since the liver receives the venous blood directly from the intestinal vein, the intestine and liver are essential to maintain tolerance and can rapidly respond to infections or tissue damage. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent findings regarding ILC functions in homeostasis and disease, with a focus on the intestine and liver.