Origin and neofunctionalization of a Drosophila paternal effect gene essential for zygote viability
Origin and neofunctionalization of a Drosophila paternal effect gene essential for zygote viability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.071
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发表时间：
2005-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Karr, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loppin, B;Lepetit, D;Karr, TL
背景资料：虽然基因复制的进化新奇已经得到了很好的证实，但提供全新功能（新功能化）的必需基因的起源和维持仍然在很大程度上未知。果蝇是寻找足够年轻的基因的一个很好的模型，这些基因可以破译它们进化历史的分子细节。近年来，人们对男性生育力所需的基因越来越感兴趣，因为它们通常进化得很快。结果：利用分子遗传学和果蝇基因组注释，我们鉴定了CG 14251为果蝇父系效应基因ms（3）K81（K81）。随后通过K81的P-元件拯救证实了这一分配。搜索orthogonal K81序列显示，K81的分布令人惊讶地局限于9个物种组成的黑腹亚群。系统发育分析表明，K81出现通过复制，最有可能的逆转录，一个无处不在的表达基因的辐射前的黑腹亚组，随后一段时间的快速分歧和收购的一个关键的男性生殖系特异性功能。有趣的是，K81采用了侧翼基因的表达谱，这表明转录协同调节在K81的新功能化中可能是重要的。结论：我们提供了一个新的必需基因的起源和进化的详细的案例历史，从而提供了果蝇父系效应基因ms（3）K81（K81）的首次分子鉴定。
Background: Although evolutionary novelty by gene duplication is well established, the origin and maintenance of essential genes that provide entirely new functions (neofunctionalization) is still largely unknown. Drosophila is a good model for the search of genes that are young enough to allow deciphering the molecular details of their evolutionary history. Recent years have seen increased interest in genes specifically required for male fertility because they often evolve rapidly. A special class of genes affecting male fertility, the paternal effect genes, have also become a focus of study to geneticists and reproductive biologists interested in fertilization and sperm-egg interactions.Results: Using molecular genetics and the annotated Drosophila melanogaster genome, we identified CG14251 as the Drosophila paternal effect gene, ms(3)K81 (K81). This assignment was subsequently confirmed by P-element rescue of K81. A search for orthologous K81 sequences revealed that the distribution of K81 is surprisingly restricted to the 9 species comprising the melanogaster subgroup. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that K81 arose through duplication, most likely retroposition, of a ubiquitously expressed gene before the radiation of the melanogaster subgroup, followed by a period of rapid divergence and acquisition of a critical male germline-specific function. Interestingly, K81 has adopted the expression profile of a flanking gene suggesting that transcriptional coregulation may have been important in the neofunctionalization of K81.Conclusion: We present a detailed case history of the origin and evolution of a new essential gene and, in so doing, provide the first molecular identification of a Drosophila paternal effect gene, ms(3)K81 (K81).