Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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DOI：
10.1039/d0fo01998d
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
He, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Lei;Chen, Daiwen;He, Jun
为探讨低聚果糖(FOS)对肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)诱导的炎症和肠道损伤的保护作用，将24头断奶仔猪随机分为3组：(1)非攻击组(CON，饲喂基础日粮)，(2)ETEC-攻击组(EON，饲喂基础日粮)，(3)ETEC攻击组+FOS处理(EFOS，基础日粮+2.5g kg(-1)FOS)。第19天，CON组灌胃灭菌培养物，ECON组和EFOS组灌胃ETEC(2.5×10(11)个集落形成单位)。3天后，屠宰猪进行样品采集。结果表明，ETEC攻毒显著降低了仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)，而果寡糖提高了日增重(P<；0.05)、粗蛋白(CP)、总能(GE)和灰分的表观消化率(P<；0.05)，降低了仔猪的腹泻率(P<；0.05)。降低血浆IL-1β和TNF-α浓度，下调(P<；0.05)空肠和回肠IL-6和TNF-α以及十二指肠IL-1β和TNF-α的mRNA表达。血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和空肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)浓度升高(P<0.05)。有趣的是，低聚果糖使EFOS组猪十二指肠绒毛高度增加，十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值增加(P<；0.05)。此外，低聚果糖还能提高十二指肠和回肠的乳糖酶活性(P<；0.05)。EFOS组蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性高于ECON组(P<；0.05)。重要的是，FOS上调了十二指肠闭锁带-1(ZO-1)、L型氨基酸转运体-1(LAT1)和阳离子氨基酸转运体-1(CAT1)等肠上皮功能关键基因的表达，并上调了空肠组织中ZO-1和葡萄糖转运体-2(GLUT2)的表达(P<；0.05)。FOS还上调回肠组织中occludin、脂肪酸转运蛋白4(FATP4)、钠葡萄糖转运蛋白1(SGLT1)和GLUT2的表达(P<；0.05)。果寡糖能显著提高盲肠消化液中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的含量。此外，低聚果糖降低了盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量，但增加了盲肠中芽孢杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P<；0.05)。这些结果表明，低聚果糖能改善ETEC攻击后断奶仔猪的生长性能和肠道健康，其机制可能与抑制炎性反应、改善肠上皮功能和微生物区系有关。
To explore the protective effect of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation and intestinal injury, twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) non-challenge (CON, fed with basal diet), (2) ETEC-challenge (ECON, fed with basal diet), and (3) ETEC challenge + FOS treatment (EFOS, fed with basal diet plus 2.5 g kg(-1) FOS). On day 19, the CON group was orally infused with sterilized culture while pigs in the ECON group and EFOS group were orally infused with ETEC (2.5 x 10(11) colony-forming units). After 3 days, pigs were slaughtered for sample collection. We showed that ETEC challenge significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG); however, FOS improved the ADG (P < 0.05), apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and ash and reduced the diarrhea incidence (P < 0.05). FOS reduced plasma concentrations of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the jejunum and ileum as well as IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in the duodenum. The concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and secreted IgA (SIgA) in the jejunum (P < 0.05) were elevated. Interestingly, FOS elevated the villus height in the duodenum, and elevated the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum in the EFOS group pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, FOS increased lactase activity in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were higher in the EFOS group than in the ECON group (P < 0.05). Importantly, FOS up-regulated the expressions of critical genes in intestinal epithelium function such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), and cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1) in the duodenum and the expressions of ZO-1 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). FOS also up-regulated the expressions of occludin, fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), sodium glucose transport protein 1 (SGLT1), and GLUT2 in the ileum (P < 0.05). FOS significantly increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the cecal digesta. Additionally, FOS reduced the populations of Escherichia coli, but elevated the populations of Bacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecal digesta (P < 0.05). These results suggested that FOS could improve the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was associated with suppressed inflammatory responses and improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.