Measuring impulsivity and modeling its association with cigarette smoking.
Measuring impulsivity and modeling its association with cigarette smoking.
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DOI：
10.1177/1534582305276838
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mitchell, Suzanne H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mitchell, Suzanne H
两种类型的行为测量主要用于检查人类和动物的冲动：去/不去任务评估抑制和相对偏好任务评估延迟厌恶。本文描述了每种任务的几个例子，以便确定影响性能的常见认知过程和变量。数据显示，吸烟者比不吸烟者更容易冲动。可以提出几个模型来解释这一组差异：(a)差异早于开始吸烟，并且可能与开始吸烟有因果关系；(b)较高的冲动水平与持续吸烟有关，要么与尼古丁的主观积极作用增强有关，要么与尼古丁戒断（戒断）的消极作用增强有关；(c)尼古丁引起神经适应，导致吸烟者的冲动性升高。对这三种模式的相关研究进行了回顾，得出的结论是，这三种模式都可能与观察到的吸烟者较高的冲动水平有关。然而，相关的研究是有限的，需要进一步的系统研究。
Two types of behavioral measure are primarily used to examine impulsivity in humans and animals: Go/No-go tasks to assess inhibition and relative preference tasks to assess delay aversion. Several examples of each type of task are described so that common cognitive processes and variables affecting performance can be identified. Data suggest that smokers are more impulsive on each of these impulsivity measures than nonsmokers. Several models can be proposed to account for this group difference: (a) the differences predate and, possibly, are causally related to the initiation of cigarette smoking; (b) higher levels of impulsivity are associated with continued smoking, either through an association with heightened positive subjective effects of nicotine or heightened negative effects of nicotine abstinence (withdrawal); (c) nicotine causes neuroadaptations that result in elevated impulsivity in smokers. Studies relating to each of these models are reviewed, and it is concluded that all three models may contribute to the observed higher levels of impulsivity in smokers. However, pertinent studies are limited and additional systematic research is needed.