Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors
Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.07339-11
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Rosenfeld, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kientz, Betty;Vukusic, Peter;Rosenfeld, Eric
虹彩是结构颜色的一种特性，在高等真核生物中偶尔会遇到，但在原核生物王国中却鲜有记录。在目前的工作中，我们描述了一种海洋细菌，被鉴定为溶纤维噬菌体，从海葵表面分离出来，在直接落射照明下表现出亮绿色虹彩菌落。这种现象以前没有被详细研究过。在本研究中，在不同角度的直接照明或观察下观察了 C. lytica 菌落的颜色变化。其虹彩绿色外观在各种生长介质上占主导地位。在集落边缘也可以看到红色和紫色。使用高分辨率光学光谱法揭示并表征了显着的 C. lytica 细菌虹彩。除此之外，通过培养先前被认为具有各种形式的微弱虹彩特征的其他细菌菌株，我们确定了原核生物结构颜色的四个主要外观特征。因此，本研究提出了细菌虹彩的新一般分类。此外，描述了虹彩 C. lytica 菌株的一个特定的单独类别，因为它们在反射中表现出迄今为止独特的强烈闪光状虹彩。 C. lytica 是第一个被发现在直接光照下产生与高等真核生物（如某些昆虫和鸟类）相同的强烈虹彩的原核生物。由于细菌生物学、培养和普遍存在的性质，这一发现可能对生态和纳米科学领域具有重大意义。
Iridescence is a property of structural color that is occasionally encountered in higher eukaryotes but that has been poorly documented in the prokaryotic kingdom. In the present work, we describe a marine bacterium, identified as Cellulophaga lytica, isolated from the surface of an anemone, that exhibits bright green iridescent colonies under direct epi-illumination. This phenomenon has not previously been investigated in detail. In this study, color changes of C. lytica colonies were observed at various angles of direct illumination or observation. Its iridescent green appearance was dominant on various growth media. Red and violet colors were also discerned on colony edges. Remarkable C. lytica bacterial iridescence was revealed and characterized using high-resolution optical spectrometry. In addition to this, by culturing other bacterial strains to which various forms of faintly iridescent traits have previously been attributed, we identify four principal appearance characteristics of structural color in prokaryotes. A new general classification of bacterial iridescence is therefore proposed in this study. Furthermore, a specific separate class is described for iridescent C. lytica strains because they exhibit what is so far a unique intense glitter-like iridescence in reflection. C. lytica is the first prokaryote discovered to produce the same sort of intense iridescence under direct illumination as that associated with higher eukaryotes, like some insects and birds. Due to the nature of bacterial biology, cultivation, and ubiquity, this discovery may be of significant interest for both ecological and nanoscience endeavors.