Craniofacial and Long Bone Development in the Context of Distraction Osteogenesis.
Craniofacial and Long Bone Development in the Context of Distraction Osteogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1097/prs.0000000000007451
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Longaker MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah HN;Jones RE;Borrelli MR;Robertson K;Salhotra A;Wan DC;Longaker MT
Bone retains regenerative potential into adulthood, and surgeons harness this plasticity during distraction osteogenesis (DO). The underlying biology governing bone development, repair, and regeneration are divergent between the craniofacial and appendicular skeleton. Each type of bone formation is characterized by unique molecular signaling and cellular behavior. Recent discoveries have elucidated the cellular and genetic processes underlying skeletal development and regeneration, providing an opportunity to couple biological and clinical knowledge in order to improve patient care. A comprehensive literature review of basic and clinical literature regarding craniofacial and long bone development, regeneration, and DO was performed. The current understanding in craniofacial and long bone development and regeneration are discussed, and clinical considerations for the respective DO procedures are presented. DO is a powerful tool to regenerate bone and thus address a number of craniofacial and appendicular skeletal deficiencies. The molecular mechanisms underlying bone regeneration, however, remain elusive. Recent work has determined that embryological morphogen gradients constitute important signals during regeneration. Additionally, striking discoveries have illuminated the cellular processes underlying mandibular regeneration during DO, showing that skeletal stem cells reactivate embryological neural crest transcriptomic processes to carry out bone formation during regeneration. Furthermore, innovative adjuvant therapies to complement DO utilize biological processes active in embryogenesis and regeneration. Additional research is needed to further characterize the underlying cellular mechanisms responsible for improved bone formation through adjuvant therapies and the role skeletal stem cells play during regeneration.
