Associations between early life adversity and executive function in children adopted internationally from orphanages
Associations between early life adversity and executive function in children adopted internationally from orphanages
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1121246109
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发表时间：
2012-10-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gunnar, Megan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hostinar, Camelia E.;Stellern, Sarah A.;Gunnar, Megan R.
执行功能（EF）能力越来越被认为是一个重要的保护因素，为儿童经历逆境，促进更好的压力和情绪调节，以及社会和学术调整。我们提供的证据表明，早期生活的逆境与EF性能显着降低的发展敏感电池的实验室EF任务，测量认知灵活性，工作记忆和抑制控制。动物模型还表明，早期的逆境对基于前额叶皮层的认知功能的发展有负面影响。在这项研究中，我们报告EF性能1年后，在2.5- 4岁的儿童谁经历了机构照顾在海外孤儿院相比，一组年龄匹配的非收养儿童。据我们所知，这是最年轻的年龄和收养后最快的EF性能降低已被证明使用实验室测量在这一人群中。EF在表现上的降低是显著的，超过了智商的差异。在所采用的样本中，目前EF与控制智商后的早期剥夺措施相关，在机构安置前在出生家庭中花费的时间较少，机构中的身体/社会护理质量较低，预测EF电池性能较差。
Executive function (EF) abilities are increasingly recognized as an important protective factor for children experiencing adversity, promoting better stress and emotion regulation as well as social and academic adjustment. We provide evidence that early life adversity is associated with significant reductions in EF performance on a developmentally sensitive battery of laboratory EF tasks that measured cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. Animal models also suggest that early adversity has a negative impact on the development of prefrontal cortex-based cognitive functions. In this study, we report EF performance 1 y after adoption in 2.5- to 4-y-old children who had experienced institutional care in orphanages overseas compared with a group of age-matched nonadopted children. To our knowledge, this is the youngest age and the soonest after adoption that reduced EF performance has been shown using laboratory measures in this population. EF reductions in performance were significant above and beyond differences in intelligence quotient. Within the adopted sample, current EF was associated with measures of early deprivation after controlling for intelligence quotient, with less time spent in the birth family before placement in an institution and lower quality of physical/social care in institutions predicting poorer performance on the EF battery.