Severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in Europe
Severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in Europe
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欧洲强雷暴和龙卷风警告
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.026
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
D. Schultz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rauhala;D. Schultz
本研究总结了目前欧洲不同国家水文气象部门（NHMSs）的严重雷暴预警和预报业务，并在此过程中，为各国发展自己的预警服务提供了方法，以借鉴其他国家的经验，以及世界上历史最悠久的严重雷暴预警业务美国的预警业务。本研究基于向39个欧洲国家卫生保健机构发送的调查问卷，其中33个（85%）做出了回应。目前，许多欧洲国家气象局正在积极发展其强雷暴预报过程和预警服务，26个（79%）的受访国家发布了强雷暴警报，8个（24%）发布了龙卷风警报。预警过程中使用的预警标准和方法因国家而异。交货时间从30分钟到96小时不等，这表明每个国家都有不同的预警理念。改善预警操作的主要挑战包括获取恶劣天气的实时预报和事后验证，培训预报员，以及访问最先进的预报员工作站。另一项挑战是在国际上国家卫生部门之间以及在国内与媒体和应急当局沟通预期或正在发生的严重雷暴。
This study summarizes the current severe thunderstorm warning and forecast operations in different European National Hydro-Meteorological Services (NHMSs), and, in doing so, suggests ways for countries developing their own warning service to learn from experiences in other countries, as well as from the warning operations in the United States of America, the longest-lived severe thunderstorm warning operations in the world. This study is based on a questionnaire sent to 39 European NHMSs of which thirty-three (85%) responded. Currently, many European NHMSs are actively developing their severe thunderstorm forecast process and warning services with 26 (79%) of respondent countries issuing severe thunderstorm warnings and 8 (24%) issuing tornado warnings. Both warning criteria and methodologies used in the warning process vary from country to country. Lead-times range from 30 min to 96 h, indicating a range of different warning philosophies for each country. Major challenges toward improving the warning operations include obtaining observations of severe weather for real-time forecasting and post-event verification, educating forecasters, and having access to state-of-the-art forecaster workstations. An additional challenge is in communicating anticipated or ongoing severe thunderstorms, both internationally between NHMSs and nationally with media and emergency authorities.