THE EFFECT OF PREWEANING AND POSTWEANING EXPOSURE TO SOYBEAN-MEAL ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE AND ON THE IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN THE EARLY-WEANED PIG
THE EFFECT OF PREWEANING AND POSTWEANING EXPOSURE TO SOYBEAN-MEAL ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE AND ON THE IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN THE EARLY-WEANED PIG
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DOI：
10.2527/1993.7182089x
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发表时间：
1993-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
KATS, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FRIESEN, KG;GOODBAND, RD;KATS, LJ
研究了断奶前后饲喂豆粕对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。在Exp. 1，以2 x 2 x 2析因排列分配处理。猪来自妊娠期和哺乳期饲喂基于大豆粉或玉米蛋白粉的饲料的后备母猪。分娩后第5 - 9天，每窝6 - 8头猪接受含或不含（安慰剂）大豆粉的胃内输注。在断奶时，240头猪（最初5.1 kg，21 +/- 1 d）随机分配到玉米-豆粕或玉米-脱脂奶粉-乳清粉饮食的基础上，小母猪和输液治疗。与饲喂牛奶饲料的猪相比，饲喂豆粕饲料的猪在断奶后第0至14天的平均日增重、ADFI和增重与饲料比均下降（P <0.05）。断奶后第6天和第7天皮内注射大豆蛋白和酪蛋白提取物后的皮褶厚度不受饮食处理的影响（P > 0.10），但血清免疫球蛋白G对大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白的滴度增加（P <0.01）。断奶后14 ~ 35 d，饲喂含10%乳清粉的普通（1.25%赖氨酸）玉米-豆粕型日粮。平均日增重、ADFI和增重与料肉比在断奶后第0 - 14天饲喂牛奶日粮的猪从第14 - 35天降低（P <0.05）。血清IgG滴度高于对照组（P < . 0 1）在断奶后21天，对于在整个保育期饲喂豆粕的猪。与饲喂豆粕型日粮的猪相比，饲喂牛奶型日粮的猪从第0天到第14天的累积ADG（第0天到第35天）和增重：饲料比降低（P <0.05）。在Exp.使用2104头猪（最初5.3 kg，21 +/- 1日龄），以确定在高营养密集型仔猪日粮中添加0、7.5、15.0和22.5%豆粕的效果。在0 ~ 14 d期间，ADG、ADFI和增重与料肉比没有检测到差异（P > 0.10），但在14 ~ 35 d期间和整个35 d试验期间，随着豆粕水平的增加，ADFI降低（线性，P <0.05），增重与料肉比增加（线性，P <0.05）。如果断奶后饲喂不含豆粕的日粮14 d，然后饲喂玉米-豆粕日粮，早期断奶猪将表现出与断奶时饲喂玉米-豆粕日粮的猪相似的生长下降。此外，豆粕可以喂饲15和22.5%之间的高营养密集的保育饮食（0至14天），而不影响生长性能从第14天至35天断奶后。
The effect of pre- and postweaning exposure to soybean meal on postweaning growth performance and immune response by the early-weaned pig was analyzed. In Exp. 1, treatments were assigned in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Pigs were derived from gilts fed either a soybean meal- or a corn gluten meal-based diet during gestation and lactation. Six to eight pigs per litter were either stomach-infused with or without (placebo) soybean meal during d 5 to 9 after farrowing. At weaning, 240 pigs (initially 5.1 kg, 21 +/- 1 d) were randomly allotted to either a corn-soybean meal or a corn-dried skim milk-dried whey diet based on gilt and infusion treatments. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio were decreased (P < .05) on d 0 to 14 postweaning for pigs fed a soybean meal diet compared with pigs fed a milk diet. Skin-fold thickness after intradermal injection of soy protein and casein extracts on d 6 and measured on d 7 postweaning was not affected (P > .10) by dietary treatment, but serum immunoglobulin G titers to soybean glycinin and beta-conglycinin were increased (P < .01). From d 14 to 35 postweaning, all pigs were fed a common (1.25% lysine) corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% dried whey. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio were decreased (P < .05) from d 14 to 35 for pigs fed a milk diet on d 0 to 14 postweaning. Serum immunoglobulin G titers were higher (P < . 0 1) on d 21 postweaning for pigs fed soybean meal for the entire nursery period. Cumulative ADG (d 0 to 35) and gain: feed ratio were decreased (P < .05) for pigs fed a milk diet from d 0 to 14 compared with pigs fed a soybean meal diet. In Exp. 2, 104 pigs (initially 5.3 kg, 21 +/- 1 d of age) were used to determine the effect of 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% soybean meal in a high-nutrient-dense starter pig diet. Differences were not detected (P > .10) in ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio during d 0 to 14, but ADFI decreased (linear, P < .05) and gain:feed ratio increased (linear, P < .05) during d 14 to 35 and for the entire 35-d trial as the level of soybean meal increased. If a diet devoid of soybean meal is fed for 14 d after weaning, followed by a corn-soybean meal diet, early-weaned pigs will exhibit a reduction in growth similar to that of pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet at weaning. Furthermore, soybean meal can be fed between 15 and 22.5% of a high-nutrient-dense nursery diet (d 0 to 14) without affecting growth performance from d 14 to 35 post weaning.