Advances in Approaches to Study Chromatin-Mediated Epigenetic Memory.
Advances in Approaches to Study Chromatin-Mediated Epigenetic Memory.
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DOI：
10.1021/acssynbio.1c00394
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Yuan Yao;Qing Wen;Tianjun Zhang;Chuanhe Yu;K. Chan;Haiyun Gan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuan Yao;Qing Wen;Tianjun Zhang;Chuanhe Yu;K. Chan;Haiyun Gan
染色质结构包含各种形式的关键表观遗传信息，如组蛋白翻译后修饰（PTM）。某些组蛋白PTM的沉积可以重塑染色质结构，导致基因表达改变。组蛋白PTMs携带的表观遗传信息可以被子代细胞继承，以维持基因的表达状态。最近的研究表明，几个保守的复制体蛋白调节携带表观遗传信息的亲本组蛋白在酿酒酵母中的回收。因此，亲本组蛋白在新合成的DNA链上的适当回收和沉积被认为是表观遗传所必需的。在这里，我们首先回顾了真菌模型中发现的表观遗传修饰建立和维持的基本机制。接下来，我们讨论了亲本组蛋白伴侣的功能和亲本组蛋白回收过程对异染色质介导的转录沉默遗传的潜在影响。随后，我们总结了新的合成生物学方法开发的真菌和哺乳动物系统中的表观遗传遗传过程中分析个别表观遗传成分。这些新出现的研究范式使我们能够以自下而上的方式剖析表观遗传系统。此外，我们强调了在这一新兴领域开发的方法，并讨论了这些工程调节器在构建合成表观遗传系统中的潜在应用。
Chromatin structure contains critical epigenetic information in various forms, such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). The deposition of certain histone PTMs can remodel the chromatin structure, resulting in gene expression alteration. The epigenetic information carried by histone PTMs could be inherited by daughter cells to maintain the gene expression status. Recently, studies revealed that several conserved replisome proteins regulate the recycling of parental histones carrying epigenetic information in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hence, the proper recycling and deposition of parental histones onto newly synthesized DNA strands is presumed to be essential for epigenetic inheritance. Here, we first reviewed the fundamental mechanisms of epigenetic modification establishment and maintenance discovered within fungal models. Next, we discussed the functions of parental histone chaperones and the potential impacts of the parental histone recycling process on heterochromatin-mediated transcriptional silencing inheritance. Subsequently, we summarized novel synthetic biology approaches developed to analyze individual epigenetic components during epigenetic inheritance in fungal and mammalian systems. These newly emerged research paradigms enable us to dissect epigenetic systems in a bottom-up manner. Furthermore, we highlighted the approaches developed in this emerging field and discussed the potential applications of these engineered regulators to building synthetic epigenetic systems.