Preliminary test of cigarette nicotine discrimination threshold in non-dependent versus dependent smokers.
Preliminary test of cigarette nicotine discrimination threshold in non-dependent versus dependent smokers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.033
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Karelitz JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perkins KA;Kunkle N;Karelitz JL;Perkins KA;Kunkle N;Karelitz JL
尽管有可能理解烟草依赖，但通过吸烟对尼古丁的行为歧视尚未被正式研究作为尼古丁依赖水平的函数。光谱研究香烟被用来比较非依赖吸烟者和依赖吸烟者所能区分的最低尼古丁含量（即“阈值”）。对依赖（n=21； 16毫克，5毫克）或非依赖（n=7； 4毫克，3毫克）吸烟者进行了区分尼古丁含量为17、11、5、2和1毫克/克的香烟（每次一支）和0.4毫克/克的“超低”香烟（所有香烟都含有9-10毫克“焦油”）的能力测试。所有受试者在治疗前都戒烟过夜，治疗次数由他们能可靠地区分出的最低尼古丁含量（80%的试验中，即6个试验中≥5个）来确定。主观认知和香烟选择行为也被评估并与歧视行为相关。区分阈值（和大多数感知）在依赖和非依赖吸烟者之间没有差异，两个亚组的中位数阈值均为11 mg/g。然而，依赖吸烟者对阈值香烟的“喜欢”和选择更大，而非依赖吸烟者则没有，而尼古丁含量低于阈值的香烟在两组中都不支持“喜欢”或选择。综上所述，本初步研究表明，通过吸烟辨别尼古丁的阈值可能不会因依赖程度的不同而变化，需要进一步的研究来证实无法辨别的香烟也没有强化。
Despite its potential for understanding tobacco dependence, behavioral discrimination of nicotine via smoking has not been formally examined as a function of nicotine dependence level. Spectrum research cigarettes were used to compare non-dependent with dependent smokers on the lowest content of nicotine they could discriminate (i.e., “threshold”). Dependent (n=21; 16 M, 5 F) or non-dependent (n=7; 4 M, 3 F) smokers were tested on ability to discriminate between cigarettes with nicotine contents of 17, 11, 5, 2, and 1 mg/g, one per session, from an “ultra-low” cigarette with 0.4 mg/g (all had 9–10 mg “tar”). All abstained from smoking overnight prior to sessions, and number of sessions was determined by the lowest nicotine content they could reliably discriminate from the ultra-low on >80% of trials (i.e., ≥5 of 6). Subjective perceptions and cigarette choice behavior were also assessed and related to discrimination behavior. Discrimination thresholds (and most perceptions) did not differ between dependent and non-dependent smokers, with median thresholds of 11 mg/g for both subgroups. Yet, “liking” and puff choice for threshold cigarettes were greater in dependent but not non-dependent smokers, while cigarettes with nicotine contents below threshold did not support “liking” or choice in both groups. In sum, this preliminary study suggests threshold for discriminating nicotine via smoking may not vary by dependence level, and further study is needed to confirm that cigarettes unable to be discriminated are also not reinforcing.