Prosocial Behavior Increases with Age across Five Economic Games.
Prosocial Behavior Increases with Age across Five Economic Games.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0158671
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kiyonari T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumoto Y;Yamagishi T;Li Y;Kiyonari T
关于人类亲社会性的个体遗传学研究普遍同意，人类的亲社会性从儿童早期到成年早期都会增加；然而，亲社会性是否会在成年早期以后增加还没有得到证实。我们调查了来自日本东京的408名非学生居民，他们平均分布在年龄(20-59岁)和性别上。参与者玩了五个经济游戏，每个游戏都有几个月的间隔。我们证明，亲社会行为在成年早期以后随着年龄的增长而增加，这一影响在所有五个经济游戏中都表现出来。在亲社会偏好的三个社会价值取向指标之一中，也发现了类似但较弱的年龄相关趋势。我们测量了参与者认为操纵他人是获得社会成功的明智策略的信念，发现这种信念随着年龄的增长而下降。参与者对囚徒困境游戏的单边剥削结果的满意度也随着年龄的增长而下降。这两个因素-对囚犯困境游戏中DC结果的满意度和对操纵的信念-中介了年龄对态度和行为亲社会的影响。参与者与年龄相关的社会人口统计特征，如婚姻、生育和拥有房子，通过他们与DC结果的满意度和对操纵的信念的关系，弱地中介了年龄对亲社会性的影响。
Ontogenic studies of human prosociality generally agree on that human prosociality increases from early childhood through early adulthood; however, it has not been established if prosociality increases beyond early adulthood. We examined a sample of 408 non-student residents from Tokyo, Japan, who were evenly distributed across age (20–59) and sex. Participants played five economic games each separated by a few months. We demonstrated that prosocial behavior increased with age beyond early adulthood and this effect was shown across all five economic games. A similar, but weaker, age-related trend was found in one of three social value orientation measures of prosocial preferences. We measured participants’ belief that manipulating others is a wise strategy for social success, and found that this belief declined with age. Participants’ satisfaction with the unilateral exploitation outcome of the prisoner’s dilemma games also declined with age. These two factors—satisfaction with the DC outcome in the prisoner’s dilemma games and belief in manipulation—mediated the age effect on both attitudinal and behavioral prosociality. Participants’ age-related socio-demographic traits such as marriage, having children, and owning a house weakly mediated the age effect on prosociality through their relationships with satisfaction with the DC outcome and belief in manipulation.