Gender and snow crab occupational asthma in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Gender and snow crab occupational asthma in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2005.06.008
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Swanson, Mark C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howse, Dana;Gautrin, Denyse;Swanson, Mark C.
鱼类和贝类加工在全球雇用了数千人，贝类加工近年来变得越来越重要。贝类加工涉及多种职业健康和安全风险。雪蟹职业性哮喘（OA）是与加工雪蟹有关的工作相关性哮喘。我们提出了一个性别分析的结果，从3年的多方面研究雪蟹OA在加拿大纽芬兰和拉布拉多。这项研究是在2001年至2004年期间在四个雪蟹加工社区进行的。在研究开始时，对158名参加社区会议的工人进行了一项关于加工雪蟹的知识、信念和担忧的匿名调查问卷，发现女性比男性更容易将某些健康问题，特别是胸闷、呼吸困难和咳嗽与螃蟹加工联系起来（P < 0.001）。对215名加工工人（187名现任/28名前任; 120名女性/95名男性）进行的工人健康评估发现，女性参与者更有可能被诊断为几乎肯定/极有可能的雪蟹OA和过敏（P = 0.001），并且比男性参与者对雪蟹敏感（P = 0.01）。健康评估的工作历史被用来将加工工作分类为男性或女性。过敏原采样（211个过敏原样本：115个区域，96个个人呼吸区）表明，这些男性工作集中的工厂区域与雾化螃蟹过敏原（负责OA雪蟹的代理商）的水平较低，而不是与女性工作相关的区域。在通风不良的两个工厂中，这种差异具有统计学显著性（对于这些工厂，p <0.001和P = 0.017）。对工作历史数据的性别分析表明，女性健康评估参与者可能比男性加工雪蟹的时间更长（分别为5年和3.5年）。交叉引用的工作历史结果与过敏原采样数据的男性和女性的工作领域显示了性别差异的中位数累积暴露（暴露持续时间x暴露水平）的健康评估参与者。估计中位累积暴露量较高的健康评估参与者更有可能被诊断为几乎确定/非常可能的OA和过敏。与27名健康评估参与者（24名女性/3名男性）进行的半结构化访谈，诊断为几乎肯定/极有可能或可能的雪蟹OA，这些工人在工作时可能会经历大量的生活质量影响，他们试图通过尽可能长时间地留在工作岗位上来减少疾病对经济的影响。选择偏差和其他研究局限性的迹象表明，需要进行更多的研究，探索劳动力的性别分工和知识，信仰之间的关系，以及对雪蟹加工的关注，以及患病率，生活质量和社会经济影响的性别差异。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Fish and shellfish processing employs many thousands of people globally, with shellfish processing becoming more important in recent years. Shellfish processing is associated with multiple occupational health and safety (OHS) risks. Snow crab occupational asthma (OA) is work-related asthma associated with processing snow crab. We present a gender analysis of findings from a 3-year multifaceted study of snow crab OA in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The study was carried out in four snow crab processing communities between 2001 and 2004. An anonymous survey questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs, and concerns related to processing snow crab administered to 158 workers attending community meetings at the start of the research found that women were significantly more likely than men to associate certain health problems, especially chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and cough, with crab processing (P < 0.001). Worker health assessments carried out with 215 processing workers (187 current/28 former; 120 female/95 male) found that female participants were more likely to be diagnosed as almost certain/highly probable snow crab OA and allergy (P = 0.001) and to be sensitized to snow crab (P = 0.01) than male participants. Work histories from the health assessments were used to classify processing jobs as male or female. Allergen sampling (211 allergen samples: 115 area, 96 personal breathing zone) indicated that the plant areas where these male jobs were concentrated were associated with lower levels of aerosolized crab allergens (the agents responsible for OA to snow crab) than areas associated with female jobs. This difference was statistically significant in the two plants with poor ventilation (p < 0.00 1 and P = 0.017 for these plants). A gender analysis of work history data showed that female health assessment participants were likely to have worked longer processing snow crab than males (5 years versus 3.5 years, respectively). Cross-referencing of work history results with allergen sampling data for male and female job areas showed a gender difference in median cumulative exposures (duration of exposure x level of exposures) for health assessment participants. Health assessment participants with estimated higher median cumulative exposures were more likely to receive a diagnosis of almost certain/highly probable OA and allergy. Semistructured interviews with 27 health assessment participants (24 female/3 male) with a diagnosis of almost certain/highly probable or possible snow crab OA indicated that these workers can experience substantial quality of life impacts while working and that they seek to reduce the economic impact of their illness by remaining at their jobs as long as possible. Indications of selection bias and other study limitations point to the need for more research exploring the relationship between the gender division of labor and knowledge, beliefs, and concerns about snow crab processing, as well as gender differences in prevalence, quality of life, and socioeconomic impact. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.