An investigation of behavioural adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers.
An investigation of behavioural adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers.
复制标题
出租车司机对安全气囊和防抱死制动系统行为适应的调查。
DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(96)00083-8
复制
发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Inger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Sagberg;Stein Fosser;Inger
以往的研究表明，安全措施可能会导致道路使用者的行为适应（也称为风险补偿），部分或完全抵消预期的安全效果。然而，对可能决定行为适应发生的安全措施的特征的了解有限。本研究探讨了驾驶行为与两种不同类型的车内安全设备，安全气囊和防抱死制动系统（ABS）的关系。据推测，ABS等减少事故的措施比安全气囊等减少伤害的措施得到更大程度的补偿。对213辆出租车的速度，车头时距，车道占用率，车道变化和横向位置的变化进行了道路上不显眼的测量，行驶到奥斯陆机场的交通录像的基础上。这些行为数据与出租车抵达机场时收集的问卷信息相匹配。除了有关ABS和安全气囊的信息外，驾驶员还报告了个人背景信息，并回答了有关驾驶行为的问题。有ABS的出租车比没有ABS的出租车有更短的时间间隔。与速度没有关系，可能是因为在观察期间密集的交通可能阻止了司机以他们喜欢的速度驾驶。简单的比较还显示，装有ABS的出租车司机换道次数较少，使用安全带的比例也较低。然而，多元回归分析表明，后者的影响可能是由驾驶员的背景因素或ABS或安全气囊以外的汽车特性。车头时距的结果支持的假设更大的补偿事故减少比伤害减少措施。
Previous research has indicated that safety measures may lead to behavioural adaptation (also termed risk compensation) among road users, partly or completely offsetting the intended safety effects. There is, however, limited knowledge about characteristics of safety measures possibly determining the occurrence of behavioural adaptation. The present study addresses the relationship of driving behaviour to two different kinds of in-car safety equipment, airbags and antilock braking systems (ABS). It is hypothesized that accidentreducing measures like ABS are compensated for to a larger extent than injury-reducing measures like an airbag. On-road unobtrusive measurements of speed, headway, lane occupancy, lane changes, and variability of lateral position were performed on 213 taxis, on the basis of video recordings of traffic travelling to Oslo airport. The behavioural data were matched to questionnaire information collected when the taxis arrived at the airport. In addition to information regarding ABS and airbags, the drivers reported personal background information and answered questions about driving behaviour. Taxis with ABS had significantly shorter time headways than taxis without ABS. There were no relationships with speed, possibly because dense traffic during the observation period may have prevented the drivers from driving at their preferred speed. Simple comparisons also showed fewer lane changes and a lower rate of seat-belt use among drivers of taxis with ABS. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that the latter effects might be explained by driver background factors or by car characteristics other than ABS or airbag. The headway results support the hypothesis of larger compensation for accident-reducing than for injury-reducing measures.