Climate Change-Induced Migration in Coastal Bangladesh? A Critical Assessment of Migration Drivers in Rural Households under Economic and Environmental Stress
Climate Change-Induced Migration in Coastal Bangladesh? A Critical Assessment of Migration Drivers in Rural Households under Economic and Environmental Stress
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DOI：
10.3390/geosciences9010051
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Braun, Boris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernzen, Amelie;Jenkins, J. Craig;Braun, Boris
关于气候迁移的讨论认识到需要进行概率、系统和经验分析。我们研究环境压力因素在移民中的重要性，采用多层次的分析，对孟加拉国沿海地区气候紧张的农村社区进行家庭调查。我们发现，相对较小比例（6.5%）的沿海农村人口已经迁移，绝大多数是国内和临时的。主要动机是在城市地区有更好的就业机会、婚姻/家庭团聚和教育。大约三分之一的人因洪水造成耕地流失而流离失所。男性、年轻人和在农业以外工作的人更容易移徙，而且那些拥有更多人力资本和横向社会资本的人也更有可能移徙。暴露于严重的河流侵蚀，居住在靠近主要水道和咸水虾养殖区刺激迁移。气候移徙首先是经济引起的，其次是环境压力。
Discussions of climate migration have recognized the need for probabilistic, systematic, and empirical analyses. We examine the importance of environmental stressors in migration using a multi-leveled analysis of a household survey of the climate-stressed rural communities of coastal Bangladesh. We find that a relatively small share (6.5%) of rural coastal people have migrated, overwhelmingly domestically and on a temporary basis. The main motives are better employment opportunities in urban areas, marriage/family reunification, and education. About a third are displaced by flooding that created loss of arable land. Being male, younger, and working outside of agriculture facilitate migration, and also those with greater human and horizontal social capital are more likely to migrate. Exposure to severe river erosion, residing closer to major waterways and in saltwater shrimp farming zones spur migration. Climate migration is in its first instance economic-induced with environmental stress contributing as a secondary factor.