Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle
Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.009
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Baker, Laura A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhamija, Devika;Tuvblad, Catherine;Baker, Laura A.
惊吓反射和情绪修正惊吓反射分别作为防御反应和情绪加工的指标。本研究以772名14-15岁的双胞胎为研究对象，研究了惊闪反射的遗传能力及其对惊闪反射的影响。研究人员向受试者展示了三种效价类别的情感图片幻灯片：消极、积极和中性；与两种唤醒类别交叉：高唤醒和低唤醒。有些滑梯还伴随着令人吃惊的巨响。结果表明，惊吓反射的平均水平存在性别差异，遗传和环境因素解释了差异的比例。女性在每一种价值唤醒幻灯片类别中都有更高的平均惊跳幅度，这表明与男性相比，女性的基线防御反应更强。男性惊闪反射具有显著的遗传性（49%），而在女性中，差异主要由共同环境因素（53%）和非共同环境因素（41%）解释。在男性和女性中，情绪修正惊吓（AMS）的遗传力可以忽略不计。这些结果表明惊吓反应的病因存在性别差异，同时质疑惊吓范式在理解情绪处理遗传基础方面的效用。(C) 2016 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Startle reflex and affect-modified startle reflex are used as indicators of defensive reactivity and emotional processing, respectively. The present study investigated the heritability of both the startle blink reflex and affect modification of this reflex in a community sample of 772 twins ages 14-15 years old. Subjects were shown affective picture slides falling in three valence categories: negative, positive and neutral; crossed with two arousal categories: high arousal and low arousal. Some of these slides were accompanied with a loud startling noise. Results suggested sex differences in mean levels of startle reflex as well as in proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors. Females had higher mean startle blink amplitudes for each valence-arousal slide category, indicating greater baseline defensive reactivity compared to males. Startle blink reflex in males was significantly heritable (49%), whereas in females, variance was explained primarily by shared environmental factors (53%) and non-shared environmental factors (41%). Heritability of affect modified startle (AMS) was found to be negligible in both males and females. These results suggest sex differences in the etiology of startle reactivity, while questioning the utility of the startle paradigm for understanding the genetic basis of emotional processing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.