Decriminalization and Women’s Access to Abortion in Australia
Decriminalization and Women’s Access to Abortion in Australia
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澳大利亚的非刑事化和妇女获得堕胎的机会
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Baird
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Baird
摘要本文探讨堕胎合法化与妇女获得堕胎服务的关系。报告重点介绍了澳大利亚的四个管辖区，这四个管辖区与加拿大一起是世界上唯一将堕胎从刑法中删除的管辖区。本文利用文献证据和口述历史项目，对每个司法管辖区的“前后”进行了描述。本文认为，非刑事化的含义和影响必须在每个地方的情况下进行评估。在理解影响获得的条件时，必须结合对更广泛的社会、政治和经济环境以及法律的分析。文章认为，非刑事化并不一定会改善妇女堕胎的机会，至少在短期内是如此。此外，这与澳大利亚提供堕胎护理的新自由主义政策环境并不矛盾，在澳大利亚，大多数堕胎是通过私营部门提供的，由妇女承担费用。如果所有妇女都要享有充分生殖保健的人权，公共卫生系统就必须负责提供适当的堕胎服务;如果要实现这一点，持续和警惕的积极行动至关重要。
Abstract This article considers the relationship between the decriminalization of abortion and women’s access to abortion services. It focuses on the four Australian jurisdictions which are, with Canada, the only jurisdictions in the world where abortion has been removed from the criminal law. This paper draws on documentary evidence and an oral history project to give a “before and after” account of each jurisdiction. The paper assumes that the meaning and impact of decriminalization must be assessed in each local context. Understanding the conditions that shape access must incorporate analysis of the broader social, political and economic environment as well as the law. The article finds that decriminalization does not necessarily deliver any improvement in women’s access to abortion, at least in the short term. Further, it is not inconsistent with the neoliberal policy environment that characterizes the provision of abortion care in Australia, where most abortions are provided through the private sector at financial cost to women. If all women are to enjoy their human rights to full reproductive health care, the public health system must take responsibility for the adequate provision of abortion services; ongoing and vigilant activism is central if this is to be achieved.