Ecology of avian influenza virus in birds
Ecology of avian influenza virus in birds
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DOI：
10.1086/524991
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发表时间：
2008-02-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Edwards, Scott V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Causey, Douglas;Edwards, Scott V.
A型禽流感病毒(正粘病毒)是一种人畜共患病病原体，其自然宿主完全存在于禽类中。流感病毒基因组是一种具有高原位重组潜力的8段单链RNA。两个片段编码用于进入宿主细胞的血凝素(H)和神经氨酸酶(N)抗原。目前已知16个H亚型和9个N亚型，总共144个可能的不同亚型，每种亚型都有潜在的不同宿主易感性。由于在几乎每个陆地和水生栖息地都能找到10,000种鸟类，地球上几乎没有地方找不到鸟类。禽类免疫系统在几个重要特征上与人类不同，包括不同步的B和T淋巴细胞系统和多态的多基因免疫复合体，但对致病反应的免疫遗传学知之甚少。繁殖后的扩散和迁徙，以及自然高度的环境迁徙，意味着野生鸟类有可能成为媒介，将高致病变种传播到距离原始感染源很远的地方。
Avian influenza A virus (an orthomyxovirus) is a zoonotic pathogen with a natural reservoir entirely in birds. The influenza virus genome is an 8-segment single-stranded RNA with high potential for in situ recombination. Two segments code for the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) antigens used for host-cell entry. At present, 16 H and 9 N subtypes are known, for a total of 144 possible different influenza subtypes, each with potentially different host susceptibility. With > 10,000 species of birds found in nearly every terrestrial and aquatic habitat, there are few places on earth where birds cannot be found. The avian immune system differs from that of humans in several important features, including asynchronous B and T lymphocyte systems and a polymorphic multigene immune complex, but little is known about the immunogenetics of pathogenic response. Postbreeding dispersal and migration and a naturally high degree of environmental vagility mean that wild birds have the potential to be vectors that transmit highly pathogenic variants great distances from the original sources of infection.