The Biology of Steninae
The Biology of Steninae
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-70257-5_11
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Betz;Lars Koerner;K. Dettner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Betz;Lars Koerner;K. Dettner
目前的知识生物学的megadiversity甲虫亚科Steninae在这里进行了审查方面的系统分类，一般形态，生活史，行为，（化学）生态学和进化成各种生态型。隐翅虫属Stenus在全世界有超过3000种，是地球上物种最丰富的动物属之一。Steninae的特点是有许多成虫和幼虫的自形。Stenusbeetles成虫是昼行性的，光学定向的，寄生的捕食者跳虫和其他小型节肢动物。Stenus最明显的自形特征是其可折叠的拉长的唇，其副舌被修改成粘性垫。这种捕获猎物的装置可以通过血淋巴压力的增加迅速地向潜在的猎物喷射。对Steninae的肛门腺进行了形态学描述，并就其分泌化学。生物碱和萜类化合物的分泌物显着作为防御化合物对细菌和各种捕食者。详细描述了选定物种在水面上的独特撇油行为，并讨论了所有腺体成分的化学分类学价值。我们描述了这些甲虫从卵到成虫的发育阶段，并提供了猎物功能形态的细节。捕获装置，包括其通过粘性力的粘附性能。Steninae甲虫喜欢潮湿的栖息地和栖息在水边的环境，如芦苇或稀疏在河流或湖泊边缘的植被场所或在热带森林中的凋落物和腐殖层。超过70种不同的行为模式可以被分配到喂养，繁殖，梳理，休息和保护的功能类别。本文从复眼、唇侧捕食器官（包括顶端的粘垫）、足（包括跗部）和腹侧背片等方面综述了该亚科的生态形态学特征。
Current knowledge of the biology of the megadiverse beetle subfamily Steninae is reviewed here with regard to its systematics, general morphology, life history, behaviour, (chemical) ecology and evolution into various ecomorphs. Comprising >3000 species worldwide, the staphylinid genusStenusis one of the most speciose animal genera on Earth. Steninae are well characterized by a number of adult and larval autapomorphies. AdultStenusbeetles are diurnal, optically oriented, epigeic predators of springtails and other small arthropods. The most obvious autapomorphic character definingStenusis its protrusible elongated labium with the paraglossae being modified into adhesive pads. This prey-capture apparatus can be rapidly ejected towards potential prey by increased haemolymph pressure. The paired anal glands of Steninae are described morphologically and with respect to their secretion chemistry. The alkaloid and terpenoid secretions significantly act as defensive compounds against both bacteria and various predators. The unique skimming behaviour of selected species on water surfaces is described in detail, and the chemotaxonomic value of all gland constituents is discussed.We describe the developmental stages of these beetles from egg to adult and provide details of the functional morphology of the prey-capture apparatus including its adhesion performance via viscous forces.Steninae beetles prefer moist habitats and inhabit waterside environments such as reeds or sparsely vegetated sites on river or lake margins or the litter and humus layer in tropical forests. More than 70 distinct behavioural patterns can be assigned to the functional categories of feeding, reproduction, grooming, resting and protection. The ecomorphology of Steninae is reviewed in terms of their compound eyes, the labial prey-capture apparatus including the sticky pads (paraglossae) at its tip, the legs including the tarsi and the abdominal tergites.