Aggressiveness as a component of fighting ability in pigs using a game-theoretical framework
Aggressiveness as a component of fighting ability in pigs using a game-theoretical framework
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.032
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Arnott, Gareth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Turner, Simon P.;Arnott, Gareth
理解动物的竞争，大大受益于采用战斗能力的概念，称为资源持有潜力（RHP），身体大小/体重通常用作代理。然而，胜利并不总是属于更大/更重的参赛者，并且现有的RHP方法因此不能准确地预测比赛结果。攻击性通常作为一种人格特征进行研究，可能可以部分解释这种差异。我们调查了是否侵略性形成RHP的一个组成部分，检查对比赛结果，持续时间和阶段的影响，加上生理措施的成本（乳酸和葡萄糖）。此外，使用正确的理论框架，我们提供了第一个研究，以调查个人是否收集和使用信息的侵略性作为评估策略的一部分。猪，野猪，进行了评估的侵略性居民入侵者的测试，攻击潜伏期反映侵略性。然后在大小匹配的动物之间进行比赛，这些动物的攻击性不同。在居民入侵者测试中具有短攻击潜伏期的个体几乎总是在随后的比赛中发起第一次咬伤和战斗。然而，攻击性对比赛结果没有直接影响，而咬开始确实导致在比赛中获胜，而没有升级的战斗。这种间接影响表明，攻击性不是RHP的一个组成部分，而是反映了一种意图的信号。赢家和输家的侵略性并没有影响比赛的持续时间或其单独的阶段，这表明侵略性不是评估策略的一部分。一个更大的不对称性的攻击延长比赛的持续时间和持续时间的显示，这是在一个方向相反的评估模型的基础上形态性状。血乳酸和葡萄糖随着比赛持续时间的增加，并在升级的战斗达到峰值，突出了实用的生理措施作为代理战斗成本。如图所示，将人格特质整合到竞争行为的研究中，将增强我们对竞争互动微妙之处的理解。(C)2015动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Understanding animal contests has benefited greatly from employing the concept of fighting ability, termed resource-holding potential (RHP), with body size/weight typically used as a proxy. However, victory does not always go to the larger/heavier contestant and the existing RHP approach thereby fails to accurately predict contest outcome. Aggressiveness, typically studied as a personality trait, might explain part of this discrepancy. We investigated whether aggressiveness forms a component of RHP, examining effects on contest outcome, duration and phases, plus physiological measures of costs (lactate and glucose). Furthermore, using the correct theoretical framework, we provide the first study to investigate whether individuals gather and use information on aggressiveness as part of an assessment strategy. Pigs, Sus scrofa, were assessed for aggressiveness in resident-intruder tests whereby attack latency reflects aggressiveness. Contests were then staged between size-matched animals diverging in aggressiveness. Individuals with a short attack latency in the resident-intruder test almost always initiated the first bite and fight in the subsequent contest. However, aggressiveness had no direct effect on contest outcome, whereas bite initiation did lead to winning in contests without an escalated fight. This indirect effect suggests that aggressiveness is not a component of RHP, but rather reflects a signal of intent. Winner and loser aggressiveness did not affect contest duration or its separate phases, suggesting aggressiveness is not part of an assessment strategy. A greater asymmetry in aggressiveness prolonged contest duration and the duration of displaying, which is in a direction contrary to assessment models based on morphological traits. Blood lactate and glucose increased with contest duration and peaked during escalated fights, highlighting the utility of physiological measures as proxies for fight cost. Integrating personality traits into the study of contest behaviour, as illustrated here, will enhance our understanding of the subtleties of agonistic interactions. (C) 2015 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.