Synthetic and non-synthetic anthropogenic fibers in a river under the impact of Paris Megacity: Sampling methodological aspects and flux estimations
Synthetic and non-synthetic anthropogenic fibers in a river under the impact of Paris Megacity: Sampling methodological aspects and flux estimations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.009
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发表时间：
2018-03-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Tassin, Bruno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dris, Rachid;Gasperi, Johnny;Tassin, Bruno
加工纤维在我们的日常生活中大量存在，既可以是天然的，也可以是人造的(再生纤维素)，也可以是合成的(用石化产品制成)。它们的广泛使用不可避免地导致了环境的高度污染。以前的研究集中在塑料颗粒上，无论它们的类型或形状如何，只要它们的组成在330微米到5毫米之间。相反，这项研究只关注使用较小网目尺寸的网(80微米)对淡水进行采样的纤维。此外，所有经过处理的有机纤维都会被考虑，无论它们的性质如何。首先，评估了环境中纤维的短期时间变异性。当在1分钟内暴露采样网时，变异系数约为。测定45%(n=6)。当暴露时间为3分钟时，仅为26%(n=6)。对通过该路段的分布的评估表明，水面中央和河岸之间的浓度可能存在差异，这可能是由于巴黎大都市内的河流交通繁忙所致。由于湍流和当前条件使纤维的分布均匀，垂直变化似乎可以忽略不计。月度监测显示，马恩河的浓度为100.6+/-99.9fibers.m(-3)，塞纳河从上游到下游的浓度分别为：48.5%/-98.5%、27.9%/-26.3%、27.9%/-40.3%和22.1%+/-25.3fbers.m(-3)。一旦这些浓度转化为通量，似乎就无法区分巴黎超大城市产生的影响。需要对淤积和淤积在岸上的作用进行调查。这项研究有助于填补关于河流中的纤维、它们的采样、赋存状态、时空分布和通量的一些主要知识空白。令人鼓舞的是，未来的研究既包括合成纤维，也包括非合成纤维。(C)2017爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Processed fibers are highly present in our daily life and can be either natural, artificial (regenerated cellulose) and synthetic (made with petrochemicals). Their widespread use lead inevitably to a high contamination of environment. Previous studies focus on plastic particles regardless of their type or shape as long as they are comprised between 330 mu m and 5 mm. On the contrary, this study focuses exclusively on fibers using a smaller mesh size net (80 mu m) to sample freshwater. Moreover, all processed organic fibers are considered, irrespective to their nature. First, the short term temporal variability of the fibers in the environment was assessed. While exposing the sampling net during 1 min a coefficient of variation of approx. 45% (with n = 6) was determined. It was of only 26% (n = 6) when the exposure was of 3 min. The assessment of the distribution through the section showed a possible difference in concentrations between the middle of the water surface and the river banks which could be attributed to the intense river traffic within the Paris Megacity. The vertical variability seems negligible as turbulence and current conditions homogenize the distribution of the fibers. A monthly monitoring showed concentrations of 100.6 +/- 99.9 fibers.m(-3) in the Marne River and of: 48.5 +/- 98.5, 27.9 +/- 26.3, 27.9 +/- 40.3 and 22.1 +/- 25.3 fibers.m(-3) from the upstream to downstream points in the Seine River. Once these concentrations are converted into fluxes, it seems that the impact generated by the Paris Megacity cannot be distinguished. Investigations on the role of sedimentation and deposition on the banks are required. This study helped fill some major knowledge gaps regarding the fibers in rivers, their sampling, occurrence, spatial-temporal distribution and fluxes. It is encouraged that future studies include both synthetic and none synthetic fibers. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.