Sex hormones and neural mechanisms
Sex hormones and neural mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1019883923346
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Keefe, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keefe, DL
性类固醇在中枢神经系统的结构和功能调节中起着重要而多样的作用。在生命的早期，类固醇塑造了大脑敏感区域的结构，特别是那些参与控制生殖行为和卵巢功能的区域。最初的研究表明类固醇对大脑的组织作用是在啮齿动物中进行的，但最近这些研究已经扩展到灵长类动物，包括人类。在整个生命过程中，性类固醇通过影响类固醇受体承载神经元和通过类固醇受体非依赖性机制影响神经元来调节神经功能。性类固醇受体已经在大脑中被发现，特别是在调节生殖行为的遗传学古老结构中。影响神经功能的性类固醇可以从大脑和/或肾上腺外周起源，并且可以在大脑本身内合成。许多具有神经活性的孕激素和雄激素在脑中重新合成，雌激素可以在脑内通过芳香酶从雄激素转化。因此，卵巢和中枢神经系统性类固醇激素通过调节神经结构和功能在调节生殖行为中起重要作用。
Sex steroids play important and diverse roles in the regulation of structure and function of the central nervous system. Early in life, steroids shape the structure of sensitive areas of the brain, especially those involved in the control of reproductive behavior and ovarian function. Original studies demonstrating organizing effects of steroids on the brain were carried out in rodents, but more recently these studies have been extended to primates, including humans. Throughout life, sex steroids regulate neural function by influencing steroid receptor-bearing neurons and by influencing neurons via steroid receptor-independent mechanisms. Sex steroid receptors have been identified in the brain, especially in the phylogenetically ancient structures that regulate reproductive behavior. Sex steroids that affect neural function can originate peripherally from the brain and/or adrenal gland, and can be synthesized within the brain itself. A number of neurally active progestogens and androgens are synthesized de novo in the brain, and estrogens can be converted within the brain from androgens by the enzyme aromatase. Thus, ovarian and central nervous system sex steroids play important roles in regulating reproductive behavior by regulating neural structure and function.