Association between Thyroid Function and Exposures to Brominated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Rural Central Appalachia.
Association between Thyroid Function and Exposures to Brominated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Rural Central Appalachia.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b04892
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Shaorui Wang;Kevin A. Romanak;M. Hendryx;Amina Salamova;M. Venier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shaorui Wang;Kevin A. Romanak;M. Hendryx;Amina Salamova;M. Venier
接触阻燃剂会对人体健康产生不利影响。我们以多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、有机磷FRs （OPFRs）和新型溴化FRs （nBFRs）三种FR为研究对象，利用被动空气采样器测定了阿巴拉契亚中部农村家庭室内空气中这些化学物质的含量，并利用硅胶腕带测定了这些家庭居民的个人暴露水平。我们还研究了腕带FR水平与甲状腺功能之间的关系。室内空气中多溴二苯醚、OPFRs和nBFRs的中位总浓度分别为210、25 000和69 pg/m3，手环中分别为49、670和110 ng/g。空气和腕带中含量最多的化学物质是多溴二苯醚中的BDE-47和-99，OPFRs中的三[(2R)-1-氯-2-丙基]磷酸盐，nBFRs中的2-乙基己基2,3,4,5-四溴苯甲酸酯和二（2-乙基己基）四溴苯甲酸酯。在控制年龄和吸烟的性别回归模型中，BDE-99、BDE-197与2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸（EHDP）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）、BDE-100与游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、抗去氯烷（DP）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）之间存在显著相关性。特别是，大多数五溴二苯醚同系物与FT4和FT3在女性和男性中都有显著或边际显著相关。我们的研究结果表明，腕带可以作为评估人类对FRs暴露的合适暴露监测仪。
Exposure to flame retardants (FRs) is associated with adverse effects on human health. Focusing on three FR groups, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate FRs (OPFRs), and novel brominated FRs (nBFRs), we determined the levels of these chemicals in indoor air in homes in rural Central Appalachia using passive air samplers and personal exposures in the residents of these homes using silicone wristbands. We also investigated the relationships between the FR levels in wristbands and the thyroid function. The median total concentrations of PBDEs, OPFRs, and nBFRs were 210, 25 000, and 69 pg/m3 in indoor air, and 49, 670, and 110 ng/g in wristbands, respectively. The most abundant chemicals in both air and wristbands were BDE-47 and -99 among PBDEs, tris[(2R)-1-chloro-2-propyl] phosphate among OPFRs, and 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate among nBFRs. In gender-specific regression models that were controlled for age and smoking, significant associations were observed between BDE-99, BDE-197, and 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDP) and free thyroxine (FT4), between BDE-100 and free triiodothyronine (FT3), and between anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In particular, most penta-BDE congeners were significantly or marginally significantly associated with FT4 and FT3 for both females and males. Our results suggest that wristbands can be used as suitable exposure monitors for evaluating human exposure to FRs.