Cancer "Stemness"- Regulating MicroRNAs: Role, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Cancer "Stemness"- Regulating MicroRNAs: Role, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
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DOI：
10.2174/13894501113149990190
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Singh, Ajay P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhardwaj, Arun;Arora, Sumit;Singh, Ajay P.
对于晚期转移性癌症，传统治疗和靶向治疗的失败是一个重要的临床问题。虽然一些癌症，如胰腺癌，对任何类型的治疗反应都很差，但在许多其他类型的癌症中，肿瘤在最初的治疗反应后经常会复发。因此，人们正在进行重要的研究，以了解癌症治疗难治的潜在机制。在过去的十年中，癌症干细胞(CSC)假说得到了重要的实验和临床支持，CSC已成为潜在的有用的药理靶点。MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一组编码非蛋白质的小分子(类似于18-25个核苷酸)的RNA，现在被认为是基因表达的重要调节因子。它们可以作为肿瘤的促进者(Oncomir)或抑制者(anti-oncomies)，因此对癌症治疗具有深远的意义。最近的研究已经确定了几个在CSCs中差异表达的miRNAs，并确定了它们在靶向支持癌症干细胞特性的基因和途径中的作用。在这里，我们讨论这些发现，并回顾基于miRNA的策略的最新进展，以开发miRNAs在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力。
Failure of conventional as well as target-based therapy against the advanced metastatic cancers is a significant clinical problem. While some cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, respond poorly to any kind of therapies, tumor relapse is often observed in many other cancer types after initial therapeutic response. Hence, significant research is being conducted to understand the mechanisms underlying therapeutic refractoriness of cancer. During the past decade, cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has gained significant experimental and clinical support, and CSCs have emerged as potentially useful pharmacologic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small (similar to 18-25 nucleotides) non-protein encoding RNAs that are now established as important regulators of gene expression. They can function as tumor promoters (oncomirs) or suppressors (anti-oncomirs) and thus hold profound implications for cancer therapy. Recent studies have identified several miRNAs to be differentially expressed in CSCs and established their role in targeting genes and pathways supporting cancer stemness properties. Here, we discuss these findings and review recent advances in miRNA-based strategies to exploit therapeutic potential of miRNAs in cancer treatment.