Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications.
Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2021.646554
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Fan YB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu YQ;Yang X;Wu XF;Fan YB
经皮给药途径提供了许多优于常规途径的优点，口服或注射用于治疗不同的疾病和化妆品应用。皮肤还作为储库，因此以持续的方式在更长的时间内递送渗透的药物。由于多个吸收部位，它减少了毒性和局部刺激，并避免了全身副作用。然而，许多药物的经皮递送途径是有限的，因为很少有药物可以使用该途径以可行的速率递送。皮肤的角质层是一个有效的屏障，限制了大多数药物的渗透，使其难以穿过皮肤。幸运的是，一些非侵入性的方法可以显着提高药物通过这一屏障的渗透。使用纳米载体来增加用于经皮递送的可用药物的范围已经成为一种有价值和令人兴奋的替代方案。亲脂性和亲水性药物都可以通过一系列纳米载体通过角质层递送，可能具有局部或全身作用以治疗各种疾病。本文综述了皮肤结构和经皮给药的主要障碍，用于经皮给药的不同纳米载体，纳米颗粒、醇质体、树枝状聚合物、脂质体等，已经讨论过了。最近的一些例子的纳米载体和物理方法，包括离子导入，超声，激光，和微针的组合，也被讨论用于提高经皮给药的治疗效果。本文最后总结了纳米载体经皮给药的局限性和前景。
The transdermal route of administration provides numerous advantages over conventional routes i.e., oral or injectable for the treatment of different diseases and cosmetics applications. The skin also works as a reservoir, thus deliver the penetrated drug for more extended periods in a sustained manner. It reduces toxicity and local irritation due to multiple sites for absorption and owes the option of avoiding systemic side effects. However, the transdermal route of delivery for many drugs is limited since very few drugs can be delivered at a viable rate using this route. The stratum corneum of skin works as an effective barrier, limiting most drugs’ penetration posing difficulty to cross through the skin. Fortunately, some non-invasive methods can significantly enhance the penetration of drugs through this barrier. The use of nanocarriers for increasing the range of available drugs for the transdermal delivery has emerged as a valuable and exciting alternative. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs can be delivered via a range of nanocarriers through the stratum corneum with the possibility of having local or systemic effects to treat various diseases. In this review, the skin structure and major obstacle for transdermal drug delivery, different nanocarriers used for transdermal delivery, i.e., nanoparticles, ethosomes, dendrimers, liposomes, etc., have been discussed. Some recent examples of the combination of nanocarrier and physical methods, including iontophoresis, ultrasound, laser, and microneedles, have also been discussed for improving the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal drugs. Limitations and future perspectives of nanocarriers for transdermal drug delivery have been summarized at the end of this manuscript.