Palagonitization of Basalt Glass in the Flanks of Mid-Ocean Ridges: Implications for the Bioenergetics of Oceanic Intracrustal Ecosystems.

Palagonitization of Basalt Glass in the Flanks of Mid-Ocean Ridges: Implications for the Bioenergetics of Oceanic Intracrustal Ecosystems.
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大洋中脊侧翼玄武岩玻璃的八角石化:对海洋壳内生态系统生物能学的影响

DOI:
10.1089/ast.2014.1255
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Bach W
Bach W
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Türke A;Nakamura K;Bach W

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当玄武岩暴露于含氧水溶液中时,长菱镁矿的边缘会沿着裂缝形成,但玻璃会消失。我们采用电子显微探针和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA-ICP-MS) 对新鲜玻璃和邻近的八角长石结壳进行分析,以确定八角长石形成过程中涉及的地球化学变化。样品取自北池塘区域的钻芯,该区域位于北纬 22°45′、西经 46°05′ 的大西洋中脊西侧。我们还分析了整个岩石粉末,以确定年轻山脊侧面的总体地壳-海水交换。相对于新鲜玻璃,长菱镁矿中的放射性元素更为丰富,其浓度达到了放射分解产生分子氢 (H2) 可能成为重要能源的浓度。基于这些结果,我们假设山脊侧翼栖息地的微生物生态系统经历了主要能量载体的转变,促进了碳固定,从非常年轻的地壳中的铁氧化到较老的地壳中的氢气消耗。除非氢气被快速的流体流动(即在年轻的侧翼中)冲走,否则它可能很容易积累到足够高的水平以支持化能自养生命。在较老的侧翼,地壳封闭和沉积物堆积减缓了海水循环,预计辐射分解产生的氢气对于催化能源供应的重要性将大大增加。理论上,其他行星表面也存在类似的栖息地,因为辐射分解产生的氢的积累只需要 H2O 分子和多孔介质的存在,而氢不会从中流失。关键词:菱角石—微生物玻璃蚀变—脊侧翼—非生物产氢—化学自养。天体生物学 15, 793–803。
When basalt is exposed to oxygenated aqueous solutions, rims of palagonite form along fractures at the expense of glass. We employed electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of fresh glass and adjacent palagonite crusts to determine the geochemical changes involved in palagonite formation. Samples were retrieved from drill cores taken in the North Pond Area, located on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22°45′N and 46°05′W. We also analyzed whole rock powders to determine the overall crust-seawater exchange in a young ridge flank. Radioactive elements are enriched in palagonite relative to fresh glass, reaching concentrations where radiolytic production of molecular hydrogen (H2) may be a significant energy source. Based on these results, we hypothesize that microbial ecosystems in ridge flank habitats undergo a transition in the principal energy carrier, fueling carbon fixation from Fe oxidation in very young crust to H2consumption in older crust. Unless the H2is swept away by rapid fluid flow (i.e., in young flanks), it may easily accumulate to levels high enough to support chemolithoautotrophic life. In older flanks, crustal sealing and sediment accumulation have slowed down seawater circulation, and the significance of radiolytically produced H2for catalytic energy supply is expected to increase greatly. Similar habitats on other planetary surfaces are theoretically possible, as accumulation of radiolytically produced hydrogen merely requires the presence of H2O molecules and a porous medium, from which the hydrogen is not lost. Key Words: Palagonite—Microbial glass alteration—Ridge flanks—Abiotic hydrogen production—Chemolithoautotrophy. Astrobiology 15, 793–803.
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