Creole water supply : states, neoliberalism, and everyday practices in a secondary African city
Creole water supply : states, neoliberalism, and everyday practices in a secondary African city
复制标题
克里奥尔供水：非洲二线城市的国家、新自由主义和日常实践
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Alves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Alves
本文探讨了2006年至2014年期间几内亚比绍巴法塔供水的演变，包括国家和非国家行为体的作用，政策模式和日常实践，在塑造城市的管道供应计划。总体目标是利用非洲一个小城市的观点来评估对地理和城市研究领域中循环的城市水基础设施的理解。基于民族志工作在几内亚比绍涉及11个月的参与观察和94个国家官员，国际组织和城市的水运营商，和水用户的采访，本文认为，占主导地位的新自由主义的批评和有限的理论的国家盛行在当前的分析是在小城市中提供服务的贫困背景下的关键限制。为了解决这些弱点，本文采用了一个分析框架，结合了“杂色的新自由主义”和“集会”的概念，注意到“日常”，以发展一个“克里奥尔”的治理模式，其特点是混合的影响的理解。此外，它借鉴了人类学对国家的探索，研究国家实践和与非国家行为者的互动，而不是将其固定在预先设想的分析类别中。本文表明，国家塑造了巴法塔供水不是通过以下政策和监管框架，但通过政府官员的决定和做法，他们与非国家组织的互动。它还表明，发展干预措施对巴法塔的供水产生了重大影响。然而，在城市中流通的政策模式经常被其他逻辑、动机和做法组合和重塑，因此超越了其最初的议程。最后，从日常用水做法的角度分析了供水问题，表明影响获得水的多种因素，包括对水质的看法，以及由于采用水表而同时中断和延续根深蒂固的分享做法。
This thesis examines the evolution of water provision in Bafata, Guinea-Bissau, between 2006 and 2014, including the role of state and non-state actors, policy models and everyday practices in shaping the city’s piped supply scheme. The overall aim is to use perspectives from a small African city to evaluate understandings of urban water infrastructure circulating in the fields of geography and urban studies. Based on ethnographic work in Guinea-Bissau involving 11 months of participant observation and 94 interviews with state officials, workers in international organisations and the city’s water operator, and water users, this thesis argues that the dominance of critiques of neoliberalism and the limited theorisations of the state prevailing in current analyses are key limitations for service provision in small cities in poorer contexts. To address these weaknesses, this thesis adopts an analytical framework that combines the concepts of ‘variegated neoliberalism’ and ‘assemblages’ with an attention to the ‘everyday’, in order to develop an understanding of a ‘creole’ mode of governance characterised by its intermixing of influences. In addition, it draws on anthropological explorations of the state that examine state practices and interactions with non-state actors without fixing these in pre-conceived analytical categories. This thesis shows that the state has shaped water provision in Bafata not through following policy and regulatory frameworks, but through the decisions and practices of governmental officials and their interactions with nonstate organisations. It also demonstrates that development interventions have significantly influenced water provision in Bafata. However, policy models circulating in the city have been routinely assembled with and reshaped by alternative logics, motivations and practices, and therefore transformed beyond their original agendas. Lastly, water provision is analysed from the perspective of everyday water practices, demonstrating the multiplicity of factors shaping access to water, including perceptions of quality of water, and the simultaneous disruption and continuity of ingrained sharing practices through the introduction of meters.