Nanoporous Gold for the Miniaturization of In Vivo Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors
Nanoporous Gold for the Miniaturization of In Vivo Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors
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DOI：
10.1021/acssensors.1c00354
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发表时间：
2021-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Plaxco, Kevin W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downs, Alex M.;Gerson, Julian;Plaxco, Kevin W.
基于电化学适体的传感器能够实时测量活体中的分子。然而，这些测量的空间分辨率和在目标位置进行测量的能力受到设备工作电极的长度和宽度的限制。从历史上看，在复杂、嘈杂的体内环境中实现良好的信噪比需要3-6毫米的工作电极长度。为了使传感器小型化，这里我们通过增加其表面积来增强给定宏观尺寸的传感器获得的信号电流。具体来说，我们通过电化学合金化/脱合金技术生产纳米多孔金，将工作电极的微观表面积增加了100倍。使用这种方法，我们将基于电化学适体（EAB）的体内传感器（这里使用针对抗生素万古霉素的传感器）小型化了6倍，同时保留了传感器信号和响应时间。方便的是，纳米多孔金的制造简单，可并行化，并且与二维和三维电极结构兼容，这表明它可能在一系列电化学生物传感器应用中具有价值。
Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors enable real-time molecular measurements in the living body. The spatial resolution of these measurements and ability to perform measurements in targeted locations, however, is limited by the length and width of the device's working electrode. Historically, achieving good signal to noise in the complex, noisy in vivo environment has required working electrode lengths of 3-6 mm. To enable sensor miniaturization, here we have enhanced the signaling current obtained for a sensor of given macroscopic dimensions by increasing its surface area. Specifically, we produced nanoporous gold via an electrochemical alloying/dealloying technique to increase the microscopic surface area of our working electrodes by up to 100-fold. Using this approach, we have miniaturized in vivo electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors (here using sensors against the antibiotic, vancomycin) by a factor of 6 while retaining sensor signal and response times. Conveniently, the fabrication of nanoporous gold is simple, parallelizable, and compatible with both two- and three-dimensional electrode architectures, suggesting that it may be of value to a range of electrochemical biosensor applications.