Spatial representation and attention in toddlers with Williams syndrome and Down syndrome
Spatial representation and attention in toddlers with Williams syndrome and Down syndrome
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DOI：
10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00299-3
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Karmiloff-Smith, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, JH;Johnson, MH;Karmiloff-Smith, A
通过使用“双步”扫视范式，对患有威廉姆斯综合症（WS）、唐氏综合症（DS）的幼儿以及健康的实际年龄和心理年龄匹配的对照儿童进行了研究，研究了生命早期简单视觉引导动作背后的空间表征的本质。该实验检验了这样的假设：与正常发育的婴儿和幼儿以及患有 DS 的幼儿相比，患有 WS 的幼儿在使用空间表征来指导行动方面表现出缺陷。还测量了这些组内的持续注意力水平，以确定参与水平的差异是否影响双步扫视任务的表现。结果表明，患有 WS 的幼儿无法像其他群体一样将视网膜外信息与视网膜信息结合起来，并且在扫视计划中表现出其他缺陷的证据，这表明他们比其他群体更依赖皮层下机制。结果还表明，他们对视觉环境的探索还不够发达。持续注意力任务显示，患有 DS 的幼儿的持续注意力持续时间较短且较少，但患有 WS 的幼儿则不然，这表明 WS 在双步扫视任务中的表现并不能用较差的参与度来解释。研究结果还讨论了 WS 幼儿可能存在的注意力分散缺陷。我们的研究强调了研究发育早期遗传性疾病的重要性。 (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The nature of the spatial representations that underlie simple visually guided actions early in life was investigated in toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS), Down syndrome (DS), and healthy chronological age- and mental age-matched controls, through the use of a "double-step" saccade paradigm. The experiment tested the hypothesis that, compared to typically developing infants and toddlers, and toddlers with DS, those with WS display a deficit in using spatial representations to guide actions. Levels of sustained attention were also measured within these groups, to establish whether differences in levels of engagement influenced performance on the double-step saccade task. The results showed that toddlers with WS were unable to combine extra-retinal information with retinal information to the same extent as the other groups, and displayed evidence of other deficits in saccade planning, suggesting a greater reliance on sub-cortical mechanisms than the other populations. Results also indicated that their exploration of the visual environment is less developed. The sustained attention task revealed shorter and fewer periods of sustained attention in toddlers with DS, but not those with WS, suggesting that WS performance on the double-step saccade task is not explained by poorer engagement. The findings are also discussed in relation to a possible attention disengagement deficit in WS toddlers. Our study highlights the importance of studying genetic disorders early in development. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.