From Hand to Handle: The First Industrial Revolution
From Hand to Handle: The First Industrial Revolution
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DOI：
10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199604715.001.0001
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Barham
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文献类型：
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作者：
L. Barham
人类对技术的完全依赖可以追溯到大约三百万年前的第一批石器，但直到大约 30 万年前，随着工具的创新，技术才呈现出第一个现代形式，并彻底改变了我们的社会和经济生活。手柄和轴的发展被添加到一些以前由单一材料制成的手持工具中，不仅使这些工具更加高效，而且通过提高对食物的追求来提高其制造者的生存机会。本书汇集了机械手发展所需的认知、社会和技术基础的证据，形成了关于这一革命性创新的推测理论。带手柄的工具的制造需要根据专家对所涉及原材料特性的理解进行大量规划，这是早期工程的一种形式。然而，正是设想该工具的最终集成形式的能力支撑了hafting的非凡新颖性，它对人类产生了巨大的影响，并为我们今天所依赖的技术奠定了基础。
Mankind's utter dependency on technology extends back approximately three million years to the first stone tools, but it was only with the innovation of hafting, some 300,000 years ago, that technology took its first modern form and revolutionized our social and economic lives. The development of handles and shafts, which were added to some tools previously made of single materials and hand-held, made the tools not only more efficient but improved their makers' chances of survival by making the quest for food more productive. This volume brings together evidence for the cognitive, social, and technological foundations necessary for the development of hafting to form a speculative theory about this revolutionary innovation. The creation of tools with handles required considerable planning based on an expert understanding of the properties of the raw materials involved, a form of early engineering. Yet it was the ability to envisage the final, integrated form of the tool which underpinned the remarkable novelty of hafting, one which had massive implications for the human species and which laid the foundations for the technology we rely on today.