ESTIMATORS OF RELATIVE RISK FOR CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
ESTIMATORS OF RELATIVE RISK FOR CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113646
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
SCHULZ, KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOGUE, CJR;GAYLOR, DW;SCHULZ, KF
仅当疾病发生率较低时，“累积发生率”类型的病例对照研究的比值比才可用作对因暴露于某种物质而导致的疾病的相对风险的估计。无论疾病的发病率如何，都可以修改优势比以获得相对风险的准确估计。优势比的这种修改可以使用 4 种类型的辅助信息中的任何一种来执行：疾病的总体概率、未暴露人群中的疾病概率、暴露人群中的疾病概率或总体暴露概率。对于发病密度病例对照研究，当对照组中的暴露估计可被视为对高危人群总体暴露概率的估计时，优势比等于相对风险。在某些条件下，此类病例暴露研究可能优于队列研究和累积发病率病例对照研究。提出了一种对病例暴露研究中的原始数据和分层数据进行假设检验的方法。
The odds ratio from a case-control study of the "cumulative-incidence" type can be used as an estimate of the relative risk of a disease attributable to exposure to an agent only when the incidence of the disease is low. The odds ratio can be modified to obtain an accurate estimate of the relative risk, regardless of the incidence of the disease. This modification of the odds ratio can be performed with any 1 of 4 types of auxiliary information: overall probability of disease, probability of disease in the unexposed population, probability of disease in the exposed population, or overall probability of exposure. For incidence density case-control studies, the odds ratio equals the relative risk when the estimate of exposure in the comparison group can be considered to be an estimate of the overall probability of exposure in the population at risk. Under certain conditions, such case-exposure studies may be preferable to cohort studies and to cumulative-incidence case-control studies. An approach to hypothesis testing for crude and stratified data from a case-exposure study is presented.