Wild bonobo and chimpanzee females exhibit broadly similar patterns of behavioral maturation but some evidence for divergence
Wild bonobo and chimpanzee females exhibit broadly similar patterns of behavioral maturation but some evidence for divergence
复制标题
野生倭黑猩猩和雌性黑猩猩表现出大致相似的行为成熟模式，但有一些证据表明存在差异
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23935
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hohmann, Gottfried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Sean M.;Murray, Carson M.;Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.;Fruth, Barbara;Stanton, Margaret A.;Nichols, Jennifer;Hohmann, Gottfried
目的灵长类动物的生长发育速度存在差异。在女性的生长和发展的变化在猿类物种似乎是由生态风险厌恶假说（ERAH）解释。事实上，现有的数据显示，与人类最接近的猿类近亲倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩在躯体生长和生殖成熟方面的差异，似乎与这一假设一致。然而，现有的两个物种之间的行为成熟的数据似乎与这一假设相矛盾。我们提出了新的行为数据的婴儿和少年女性从野生种群的两个物种，以进一步评估预测的ERAH，因为它涉及到行为成熟的速度。材料和方法我们分析了3年的行为数据，17名女性倭黑猩猩（<8岁）的数据，以及来自坦桑尼亚贡贝的30只年龄匹配的雌性黑猩猩的40年行为数据。我们比较了（a）从母亲那里获得独立的时间和（B）使用以下代理开发社交技能的时间：雌性和母亲之间的距离，以及雌性花在进食、哺乳、社交游戏、社交梳理上的时间，结果在雌性动物与母亲接触的时间比例和与母亲接触的时间比例上，进食、哺乳、社交游戏或社交梳理。雌性倭黑猩猩比雌性黑猩猩花更多的时间骑在母亲身上。女性倭黑猩猩花了更多的时间在距离大于5米，从他们的母亲在3-8年的年龄，但女性没有不同的年龄在0-3 years.DiscussionBehavioral成熟在很大程度上是相似的女性的两个物种的基础上的年龄和代理在这里考虑。我们提出了替代解释的差异，我们发现在接近和骑马，不调用的基础成熟率的差异。
ObjectivesPrimates exhibit variation in rates of growth and development. Variation in female growth and development across ape species appears to be explained by the Ecological Risk Aversion Hypothesis (ERAH). Indeed, existing data on variation in somatic growth and reproductive maturation between humans' closest living ape relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, appear to be consistent with this hypothesis. However, existing data on behavioral maturation between the two species appear to contradict this hypothesis. We present novel behavioral data on infant and juvenile females from wild populations of both species in order to further evaluate predictions of the ERAH as it relates to the speed of behavioral maturation.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 3 years of behavioral data on 17 female bonobos (<8 years of age) from LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo and 40 years of behavioral data on 30 age‐matched female chimpanzees from Gombe, Tanzania. We compared the timing of (a) the attainment of independence from mothers and (b) the development of social skills using the following proxies: proximity between females and their mothers and the time that females spent engaged in eating, suckling, social play, social grooming, and riding on their mothers.ResultsWe did not find species differences in the proportion of time that females spent in contact with their mothers or engaged in eating, suckling, social play, or social grooming. Female bonobos spent more time riding on their mothers than did female chimpanzees. Female bonobos spent more time at distances greater than 5 m from their mothers during the ages of 3–8 years, but females did not differ during the ages of 0–3 years.DiscussionBehavioral maturation is largely similar between females of the two species based on the ages and proxies considered herein. We propose alternative explanations for the differences that we found in proximity and riding that do not invoke differences in underlying rates of maturation.