European automotive technological innovation systems in the age of disruption: The suppliers’ view
European automotive technological innovation systems in the age of disruption: The suppliers’ view
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颠覆时代的欧洲汽车技术创新体系：供应商的观点
DOI：
10.2478/rsc-2020-0014
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Modic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hafner;D. Modic
虽然实证研究表明，供应商创新能力提高了原始设备制造商（OEM）的整体创新绩效，但一些证据表明，供应商创新对OEM的影响方式在数量和质量上都是有限的。本研究旨在探索欧洲汽车制造商的创新系统，即OEM。技术创新系统（TIS）的探索相对较少，但该方法在解释可持续和循环创新为何以及如何发展和传播方面特别有价值。我们采用混合方法，对来自斯洛文尼亚、奥地利和匈牙利的20名受访者进行了专利分析和访谈，这些受访者都是汽车行业和汽车集群供应商的代表。我们确认，欧洲原始设备制造商建立的创新生态系统比亚洲同行更封闭。此外，我们定义了供应商的发明如何到达原始设备制造商的三条路径，发展型供应商（大公司）影响原始设备制造商创新活动的可能性最大。中小企业和初创企业带着自己的发明进入市场是困难的。然而，这并非不可能，特别是如果他们开发出与当前汽车行业颠覆性趋势相关的新解决方案：电动汽车、自动驾驶和数字化。
Abstract Although empirical studies show that suppliers’ innovativeness enhances original equipment manufacturers’ (OEM) total innovation performance, some evidence reveals that suppliers’ innovation affects OEM in quantitatively and qualitatively limited ways. This study aims to explore innovation systems of European automobile producers, i.e., OEM. Technological innovation systems (TIS) remain relatively underexplored, but the approach is especially valuable for explaining why and how sustainable and circular innovation develop and spread. We applied a mixed-method approach and conducted patent analyses and interviews with 20 respondents from Slovenia, Austria, and Hungary, which are representatives of suppliers for the automotive industry and automotive clusters. We confirm that the European OEMs build innovation ecosystems that are more closed than their Asian counterparts. Furthermore, we define three paths of how inventions of suppliers can reach the OEMs, with developmental suppliers (large companies) having the highest probability of influencing the innovation activity of OEMs. The entry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and start-ups with their inventions is difficult. However, it is not impossible, especially if they develop new solutions connected to current disruptive trends in the automotive industry: electric cars, autonomous driving and digitalisation.