Orosensory and Homeostatic Functions of the Insular Taste Cortex
Orosensory and Homeostatic Functions of the Insular Taste Cortex
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DOI：
10.1007/s12078-012-9117-9
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Small, Dana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Araujo, Ivan E.;Geha, Paul;Small, Dana M.
岛叶皮层的味觉部分是大脑回路的一部分，它根据化学感觉输入控制摄食行为。然而，食品的感官特性不仅限于味道，还应包括气味、质地、温度和外观等显著特征。因此，这是合理的假设，专门的电路内的中央味觉通路必须参与代表其他几个口腔感官形式，除了味道。在这篇综述中，我们评估了目前的证据表明，岛叶味觉皮层功能作为一个集成电路，味觉反应区也表现出高度的敏感性嗅觉，体感，甚至视觉刺激。我们还审查的证据调制的味觉反应的岛屿地区的生理状态的变化，与味觉引起的神经元反应根据不同的营养状态的生物体。然后，我们研究实验支持的功能地图内岛叶皮质，可能反映了各种感官和稳态的作用与这个地区。最后，我们评估了味觉岛叶皮层在增重易感性中的潜在作用。两者合计，目前的实验证据支持这样的观点，即岛叶味觉皮层作为一个orosensory整合系统，不仅能够形成复杂的风味表征，而且还介导其调制的内部状态的身体，因此在食物摄入调节中发挥核心作用。
The gustatory aspect of the insular cortex is part of the brain circuit that controls ingestive behaviors based on chemosensory inputs. However, the sensory properties of foods are not restricted to taste and should also include salient features such as odor, texture, temperature, and appearance. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that specialized circuits within the central taste pathways must be involved in representing several other oral sensory modalities in addition to taste. In this review, we evaluate current evidence indicating that the insular gustatory cortex functions as an integrative circuit, with taste-responsive regions also showing heightened sensitivity to olfactory, somatosensory, and even visual stimulation. We also review evidence for modulation of taste-responsive insular areas by changes in physiological state, with taste-elicited neuronal responses varying according to the nutritional state of the organism. We then examine experimental support for a functional map within the insular cortex that might reflect the various sensory and homeostatic roles associated with this region. Finally, we evaluate the potential role of the taste insular cortex in weight-gain susceptibility. Taken together, the current experimental evidence favors the view that the insular gustatory cortex functions as an orosensory integrative system that not only enables the formation of complex flavor representations but also mediates their modulation by the internal state of the body, playing therefore a central role in food intake regulation.