Groundwater Lowering in Multi-layer Aquifer Systems: Case Study of Esna City – Egypt
Groundwater Lowering in Multi-layer Aquifer Systems: Case Study of Esna City – Egypt
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多层含水层系统中的地下水降低：埃及伊斯纳市案例研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Soha El
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashraf H. M. Ghanem;A. Zaghloul;Soha El
埃斯纳城是一座可以追溯到法老时代的古城。它位于埃及南部尼罗河西岸。该市有埃斯纳寺庙，这是该地区的一个主要旅游景点。目前，埃斯纳由居民区组成，农业区零星分布。该市既没有提供完整的卫生排水系统，也没有提供农业排水系统。埃斯纳市的地下水位高被认为是尼罗河上修建新埃斯纳防洪堤造成的问题。虽然埃斯纳寺庙位于城市的最高位置，但它受到地下水上涨的强烈影响，因为寺庙结构浸入地下，远远低于地面。这项研究的主要目的是对埃斯纳市的地下水状况进行基线研究，研究一些缓解地下水问题的替代方案，研究现有的地下水问题与拟议的埃斯纳市排水系统设计之间的相互作用，并提出最优的缓解方案。城市地下水位升高的原因分析受多种因素的影响(上、下层渗透率差异大、上层各向异性大、野外数据量有限等)。因此，进行了现场调查，包括钻探压力计、水位测量和抽水试验。已采用多层有限元地下水模型来评估埃斯纳地区的地下水状况，并对拟议的缓解措施进行评估。评估的替代方案包括降低较低含水层的测压水头，在拉马迪运河衬砌，建造截流排水沟，以及在上层建造瓦片排水系统
The city of Esna is an ancient city dating back to the Pharaoh Era. It is located on the western bank of the Nile River in South Egypt. The city houses the Esna temple, which is a major tourist attraction in the region. At present, Esna is composed of residential areas, with scattered spots of agricultural areas. Neither a complete sanitary drainage system nor an agricultural drainage system have been provided for the city. The high groundwater table in Esna City was cited as a problem resulting from the construction of the New Esna Barrage across the Nile River. Although the Esna Temple is located in the highest location of the city, it is strongly affected by elevated groundwater since the temple structure is immersed in the ground well below the ground surface. The main objectives of this study are to perform a baseline study of the groundwater situation in Esna City, study some alternatives for mitigating the groundwater problems, study the interaction between the existing groundwater problem and the proposed sewerage system design in Esna, and present the optimum mitigation plan. The analysis of the reasons for elevated groundwater table in the city was complicated by several factors (high difference in permeability between upper and lower layers, anisotropy of upper layer, and limited amount of field data. Hence, field investigations, including drilling of piezometers, water level measurements, pumping tests were undertaken. A multi-layer finite element groundwater model has been employed to assess the groundwater situation in Esna and to evaluate proposed mitigation measures. Assessed alternatives include lowering the piezometric head of the lower aquifer, lining Ramady Canal, constructing a cutoff drain, and constructing a tile drainage system in the upper layer