Sleep spindle density is associated with worry in children with generalized anxiety disorder and healthy controls.
Sleep spindle density is associated with worry in children with generalized anxiety disorder and healthy controls.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.065
复制
发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
J. Meers;R. Ferri;O. Bruni;C. Alfano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Meers;R. Ferri;O. Bruni;C. Alfano
儿童广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）以无法控制的担忧为特征，与长期精神病理风险相关，但对其发展轨迹的了解有限。尽管人们普遍抱怨睡眠，但“宏观”睡眠异常尚未被发现。新发现表明，睡眠的微观结构特征，包括睡眠纺锤波，区分了不同的精神病人群。本研究调查了广泛性焦虑症青少年和健康对照者非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期间的睡眠纺锤波密度，包括与焦虑、担忧、整体功能和主观睡眠质量的关系。方法58名青春期前GAD儿童，n= 26名，n= 32名，年龄为7-11岁（M= 8.86，SD=1.47），在家中或睡眠实验室进行多导睡眠图（PSG）检查前完成诊断评估和一周的活动监测。在前额和中央区域检测到NREM纺锤体活动。结果睡眠纺锤体活动在诊断组和性别之间没有差异。睡眠纺锤波与焦虑和睡眠质量无关，但与所有年轻人的担忧呈显著正相关。在患有广泛性焦虑症的青少年中，在非快速眼动期第3阶段，整体功能与额叶纺锤体密度呈负相关。实验期间的纺锤体密度明显高于家庭PSG。局限性：样本量小且仅依赖于一晚的PSG，需要进行额外的研究。结论青春期前儿童纺锤体活动与焦虑之间的联系表明，需要对儿童精神病理的跨诊断特征进行研究，而不是对特定疾病进行研究。需要通过纵向研究来探索发展过程中的纺锤体特征和情感风险。
BackgroundChildhood generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), characterized by uncontrollable worry, is associated with long-term psychopathology risk, yet understanding of developmental trajectories is limited. Despite common complaints about sleep, ‘macro’ sleep abnormalities have not been identified. Emerging findings suggest micro-architectural features of sleep, including sleep spindles, differentiate various psychiatric populations. The current study investigated sleep spindle density during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep among youth with GAD and healthy controls, including relationships with anxiety, worry, global functioning, and subjective sleep quality.Methods58 pre-pubertal children,n= 26 with GAD andn= 32 matched healthy controls, aged 7–11 years (M= 8.86, SD=1.47), completed diagnostic assessments and a week of actigraphy monitoring prior to a night of polysomnography (PSG) either at home or in a sleep laboratory. NREM spindle activity was detected in frontal and central regions.ResultsSleep spindle activity did not differ based on diagnostic group or sex. Sleep spindles were unassociated with anxiety and sleep quality but showed a significant positive association with worry in all youth. Among youth with GAD, global functioning was negatively associated with spindle density in frontal regions during NREM stage 3. Spindle density was significantly greater during in-lab compared to at-home PSG.LimitationsThe small sample size and reliance on only one night of PSG necessitate additional studies.ConclusionsThe identified link between spindle activity and worry in pre-pubertal children highlights a need for investigations on transdiagnostic features of child psychopathology rather than specific disorders. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore spindle characteristics and affective risk across development.