Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate

Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate
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山顶曲率随着侵蚀率的平方根而增加

DOI:
10.1029/2020jf005858
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Earth Surface
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gabet E
Gabet E
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gabet E

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土壤覆盖的山坡的形状通常归因于侵蚀速度和导致土壤蠕变的各种过程的运移效率。虽然气候通常被认为对土壤蠕变速率有重要影响,但在测量运输效率方面缺乏一致性一直是评估对这一重要景观参数的控制的障碍。我们通过汇编一个数据集来解决这个问题,在这个数据集中,使用单一的方法计算了传输效率,使用1米激光雷达数据分析了山顶的曲率,并通过单一的方法--原位宇宙成因10Be浓度-确定了侵蚀速率。此外,为了控制岩性,我们选择了只被抵抗的基岩覆盖的地点。这些地点的侵蚀速度(6-922毫米/年)、年平均降雨量(39-320厘米/年)和干旱指数(0.08-1.38)不等。令人惊讶的是,我们发现山顶曲率随侵蚀速率的平方根而变化,而以前的研究预测的是线性关系。此外,我们还发现,推算的输运系数也随侵蚀速率的平方根而变化,但对气候不敏感。我们探索了各种可能将输运系数与侵蚀速率联系起来的机制,得出结论:目前关于土壤覆盖的山坡的理论无法解释我们的结果,因此是不完整的。最后,我们试探性地提出,在基岩中发生的过程(例如,裂缝的产生)可能对我们现场的山坡轮廓的形状起到作用。
The shape of soil‐mantled hillslopes is typically attributed to erosion rate and the transport efficiency of the various processes that contribute to soil creep. While climate is generally hypothesized to have an important influence on soil creep rates, a lack of uniformity in the measurement of transport efficiency has been an obstacle to evaluating the controls on this important landscape parameter. We addressed this problem by compiling a data set in which the transport efficiency has been calculated using a single method, the analysis of hilltop curvatures using 1‐m LiDAR data, and the erosion rates have also been determined via a single method, in‐situ cosmogenic10Be concentrations. Moreover, to control for lithology, we chose sites that are only underlain by resistant bedrock. The sites span a range of erosion rates (6–922 mm/kyr), mean annual precipitation (39–320 cm/yr), and aridity index (0.08–1.38). Surprisingly, we find that hilltop curvature varies with the square root of erosion rate, whereas previous studies predict a linear relationship. In addition, we find that the inferred transport coefficient also varies with the square root of erosion rate but is insensitive to climate. We explore various mechanisms that might link the transport coefficient to the erosion rate and conclude that present theory regarding soil‐mantled hillslopes is unable to explain our results and is, therefore, incomplete. Finally, we tentatively suggest that processes occurring in the bedrock (e.g., fracture generation) may play a role in the shape of hillslope profiles at our sites.
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