Natural ITD statistics predict human auditory spatial perception.
Natural ITD statistics predict human auditory spatial perception.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.51927
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发表时间：
2020-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Peña JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pavão R;Sussman ES;Fischer BJ;Peña JL
适应感觉线索统计结构的神经代码可以优化感知。我们研究了自然声学场景中固有的耳间时间差（ITD）统计是否是决定空间辨别性的参数。将跨方位角的自然 ITD 变化率 (ITDrc) 和 ITD 随时间变化 (ITDv) 结合到费希尔信息统计中，以评估该感官线索传达的方位角信息量。我们假设自然 ITD 统计数据是 ITD 神经编码的基础，从而影响空间感知。为了检验这一假设，提出了具有不变统计的声音来测量人类空间辨别力和空间新颖性检测。人类听觉空间感知与自然 ITD 统计数据相关，支持了我们的假设。进一步分析表明，这些结果与ITD编码的经典模型一致，并且可以解释在哺乳动物脑干中观察到的ITD调谐分布。当一个人听到声音时，如何知道声音来自哪里？来自右侧的声音会比左耳早几毫秒到达您的右耳。大脑利用这种差异（称为耳间时间差或 ITD）来定位声音。但人类也更擅长定位来自他们面前的声音源，而不是来自他们身边的声音源。这可能部分是由于可用于检测来自这些不同位置的声音的神经元数量的差异。它还可能反映了这些神经元响应声音的放电速率的差异。但仅凭这些因素并不能解释为什么人类能够更好地定位面前的声音。帕旺等人。研究表明，大脑已经进化出了检测声音中因位置而存在的自然模式的能力，并利用这些模式来优化声音的空间感知。帕旺等人。表明头部和内耳过滤传入声音的方式对我们如何感知它们有两个影响。首先，来自人面前不同来源的声音的 ITD 变化大于来自其侧面的声音。其次，源自人面前的声音的 ITD 随时间的变化比来自周围的声音的 ITD 变化更大。 Pavão 等人通过向健康志愿者播放声音，同时消除这些差异。发现自然 ITD 统计数据与一个人辨别声音来源的能力相关。 Pavão 等人的工作揭示了大脑用来确定声音位置的特征。最终可能导致更有效的助听器的开发。研究结果还提供了关于其他感官（包括视觉）如何进化以对环境做出最佳反应的线索。
A neural code adapted to the statistical structure of sensory cues may optimize perception. We investigated whether interaural time difference (ITD) statistics inherent in natural acoustic scenes are parameters determining spatial discriminability. The natural ITD rate of change across azimuth (ITDrc) and ITD variability over time (ITDv) were combined in a Fisher information statistic to assess the amount of azimuthal information conveyed by this sensory cue. We hypothesized that natural ITD statistics underlie the neural code for ITD and thus influence spatial perception. To test this hypothesis, sounds with invariant statistics were presented to measure human spatial discriminability and spatial novelty detection. Human auditory spatial perception showed correlation with natural ITD statistics, supporting our hypothesis. Further analysis showed that these results are consistent with classic models of ITD coding and can explain the ITD tuning distribution observed in the mammalian brainstem. When a person hears a sound, how do they work out where it is coming from? A sound coming from your right will reach your right ear a few fractions of a millisecond earlier than your left. The brain uses this difference, known as the interaural time difference or ITD, to locate the sound. But humans are also much better at localizing sounds that come from sources in front of them than from sources by their sides. This may be due in part to differences in the number of neurons available to detect sounds from these different locations. It may also reflect differences in the rates at which those neurons fire in response to sounds. But these factors alone cannot explain why humans are so much better at localizing sounds in front of them. Pavão et al. showed that the brain has evolved the ability to detect natural patterns that exist in sounds as a result of their location, and to use those patterns to optimize the spatial perception of sounds. Pavão et al. showed that the way in which the head and inner ear filter incoming sounds has two consequences for how we perceive them. Firstly, the change in ITD for sounds coming from different sources in front of a person is greater than for sounds coming from their sides. And secondly, the ITD for sounds that originate in front of a person varies more over time than the ITD for sounds coming from the periphery. By playing sounds to healthy volunteers while removing these differences, Pavão et al. found that natural ITD statistics were correlated with a person’s ability to tell where a sound was coming from. By revealing the features the brain uses to determine the location of sounds, the work of Pavão et al. could ultimately lead to the development of more effective hearing aids. The results also provide clues to how other senses, including vision, may have evolved to respond optimally to the environment.