Embryonal Control of Yellow Seed Coat Locus ECY1 Is Related to Alanine and Phenylalanine Metabolism in the Seed Embryo of Brassica napus.
Embryonal Control of Yellow Seed Coat Locus ECY1 Is Related to Alanine and Phenylalanine Metabolism in the Seed Embryo of Brassica napus.
复制标题
甘蓝型油菜种胚中黄色种皮位点ECY1的胚胎控制与丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸代谢相关
DOI：
10.1534/g3.116.027110
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发表时间：
2016-04-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang F;He J;Shi J;Zheng T;Xu F;Wu G;Liu R;Liu S
种皮的颜色取决于种皮细胞中沉积的色素类型。它与种子的休眠性、寿命、含油量、蛋白质含量和纤维含量等重要农艺性状有关。在甘蓝型油菜中，种皮颜色的遗传与母体效应和花粉效应（花粉直感效应）有关。本研究分离到一个黄籽突变体B。黄种皮胚控1（Embryonal Control of Yellow Seed Coat 1，Ecy 1）是由一个孟德尔基因控制的甘蓝型油菜胚控基因。成熟种子横切面的显微镜观察表明，色素仅沉积在种皮的外层。采用Illumina HiSequation 2000测序技术，共获得12 GB干净数据，覆盖率为116× B的编码序列。napus授粉后26 d（DAP）的种子中获得的。它被组装成172，238个独立的转录本和55，637个单基因。将拟南芥透明种皮（TT）基因的139个正向同源基因定位到B的19条染色体上。油菜。只有49个TT直向同源基因在种子中转录。然而，所有直系同源物的转录是独立的胚控制种皮颜色。只有55个基因在棕色种子和黄色突变体之间差异表达。在这55个中，与棕色种子相比，黄色种子中有50个上调，5个下调。根据KEGG分类，14条代谢途径明显富集。其中，五条路径：苯丙素类物质的生物合成、氰基氨基酸代谢、植物激素信号转导、代谢途径和次生代谢产物的生物合成与种皮着色有关。游离氨基酸的定量分析表明，丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸是目前在较高的水平，在胚胎的黄色种子相比，棕色种子。在种皮中未观察到这种增加。此外，游离Ala的过量正好是胚胎中Phe的两倍。色素底物查耳酮由两个Ala分子和一个Phe分子合成。黄籽突变体中丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸的积累与色素的消失之间的相关性表明，胚对种皮颜色的控制与B胚中苯丙氨酸和丙氨酸的代谢有关。油菜。
Seed coat color is determined by the type of pigment deposited in the seed coat cells. It is related to important agronomic traits of seeds such as seed dormancy, longevity, oil content, protein content and fiber content. In Brassica napus, inheritance of seed coat color is related to maternal effects and pollen effects (xenia effects). In this research we isolated a mutation of yellow seeded B. napus controlled by a single Mendelian locus, which is named Embryonal Control of Yellow seed coat 1 (Ecy1). Microscopy of transverse sections of the mature seed show that pigment is deposited only in the outer layer of the seed coat. Using Illumina Hisequation 2000 sequencing technology, a total of 12 GB clean data, 116× coverage of coding sequences of B. napus, was achieved from seeds 26 d after pollination (DAP). It was assembled into 172,238 independent transcripts, and 55,637 unigenes. A total of 139 orthologous genes of Arabidopsis transparent testa (TT) genes were mapped in silico to 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Only 49 of the TT orthologous genes are transcribed in seeds. However transcription of all orthologs was independent of embryonal control of seed coat color. Only 55 genes were found to be differentially expressed between brown seeds and the yellow mutant. Of these 55, 50 were upregulated and five were downregulated in yellow seeds as compared to their brown counterparts. By KEGG classification, 14 metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. Of these, five pathways: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic pathways, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, were related with seed coat pigmentation. Free amino acid quantification showed that Ala and Phe were present at higher levels in the embryos of yellow seeds as compared to those of brown seeds. This increase was not observed in the seed coat. Moreover, the excess amount of free Ala was exactly twice that of Phe in the embryo. The pigment substrate chalcone is synthesized from two molecules of Ala and one molecule of Phe. The correlation between accumulation of Ala and Phe, and disappearance of pigment in the yellow seeded mutant, suggests that embryonal control of seed coat color is related with Phe and Ala metabolism in the embryo of B. napus.