Autophagy in Virus Infection: A Race between Host Immune Response and Viral Antagonism.
Autophagy in Virus Infection: A Race between Host Immune Response and Viral Antagonism.
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DOI：
10.3390/immuno2010012
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chattopadhyay S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chawla K;Subramanian G;Rahman T;Fan S;Chakravarty S;Gujja S;Demchak H;Chakravarti R;Chattopadhyay S
病毒感染的细胞会触发强大的先天免疫反应，并促进病毒复制。在这里，我们回顾了自噬在病毒感染中的作用，重点关注使用一组选定病毒的亲病毒和抗病毒宿主反应。自噬是一种在基础水平上维持稳态的细胞降解途径，由外部刺激诱导以实现特定功能。自噬的降解功能被认为是一种细胞抗病毒免疫反应。然而，自噬在病毒感染中是一把双刃剑;病毒往往从中受益，感染的细胞也可以利用它来抑制病毒复制。除了病毒调节外，自噬途径蛋白还以不依赖于自噬的方式发挥作用以调节免疫应答。由于病毒与宿主共同进化，它们已经开发出逃避细胞抗病毒自噬反应的方法。我们的审查也涉及其中一些机制。最后，我们得出结论认为，自噬可以作为针对病毒性疾病的治疗干预的目标。
Virus-infected cells trigger a robust innate immune response and facilitate virus replication. Here, we review the role of autophagy in virus infection, focusing on both pro-viral and anti-viral host responses using a select group of viruses. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway operated at the basal level to maintain homeostasis and is induced by external stimuli for specific functions. The degradative function of autophagy is considered a cellular anti-viral immune response. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword in viral infection; viruses often benefit from it, and the infected cells can also use it to inhibit viral replication. In addition to viral regulation, autophagy pathway proteins also function in autophagy-independent manners to regulate immune responses. Since viruses have co-evolved with hosts, they have developed ways to evade the anti-viral autophagic responses of the cells. Some of these mechanisms are also covered in our review. Lastly, we conclude with the thought that autophagy can be targeted for therapeutic interventions against viral diseases.