Platelet and Megakaryocyte Roles in Innate and Adaptive Immunity.
Platelet and Megakaryocyte Roles in Innate and Adaptive Immunity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1161/circresaha.121.319821
复制
发表时间：
2022-01-21
影响因子：
20.1
通讯作者：
Morrell CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koupenova M;Livada AC;Morrell CN
经典地，血小板被描述为介导止血和血栓形成的细胞血液组分。这一重要的血小板功能在150多年来一直受到重要的研究关注。血小板的免疫细胞功能更不受重视。血小板与所有免疫分支的细胞相互作用并激活它们，以响应病原体暴露和感染，以及响应无菌组织损伤。本文就血小板激活的先天免疫机制、血小板与先天免疫细胞的相互作用以及血小板与获得性免疫的关系作一综述。血小板的免疫潜力部分依赖于其巨核细胞（Mk）前体，其为血小板提供分子组成以成为启动和协调病原体免疫应答的第一应答者和免疫哨兵。有新的证据表明，髓外Mks可能是免疫分化的骨髓Mks相比，但生理相关的免疫表型差异才刚刚开始探索。这些概念也在这次审查中进行了讨论。Mk/血小板谱系的免疫功能可能已经进化为协调修复血管破裂的需要与诱导免疫应答的同时需要，一旦血液暴露于外部环境，免疫应答可以限制病原体入侵。
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for more than 150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte (Mk) precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary Mks may be immune differentiated compared to bone marrow Mks, but the physiologic relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the Mk/Platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.