An assessment of the potential of using carbon tax revenue to tackle poverty
An assessment of the potential of using carbon tax revenue to tackle poverty
复制标题
利用碳税收入解决贫困的潜力评估
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/abb55d
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Oshiro Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujimori Shinichiro;Hasegawa Tomoko;Oshiro Ken
碳税是用于减少温室气体排放的措施之一，因为它为实现《巴黎协定》规定的将全球平均气温升幅限制在远低于2摄氏度的目标提供了强有力的政治工具。虽然碳税的一个方面是其改变收入分配的能力，但尚未在全球贫困的背景下进行量化评估。在这里，我们探讨了未来的贫困情景，并显示了碳税收入的程度，以限制全球变暖远低于2摄氏度，有可能帮助消除贫困。为了更好地理解贫困和气候变化减缓政策之间的关系，我们开发了一个新的建模框架，其中包括一个模块，代表传统的综合评估模型中的贫困指标。我们发现，贫困差距是衡量收入相对于贫困线的差距的一个指标，为840亿美元，而上述2 C一致的气候变化减缓的碳税收入潜力在2030年将达到16000亿美元。许多低收入国家无法仅用其国内收入来填补贫穷差距;但是，可以用高收入国家的一部分收入来填补这一缺口。我们的研究结果表明，减缓气候变化对解决贫困问题具有巨大的协同效应潜力，并说明了国际合作的重要性。
A carbon tax is one of the measures used to reduce GHG emissions, as it provides a strong political instrument for reaching the goal, stated in the Paris Agreement, of limiting the global mean temperature increase to well below 2 C. While one aspect of a carbon tax is its ability to change income distribution, no quantitative assessment has been made within the context of global poverty. Here, we explore future poverty scenarios and show the extent to which carbon tax revenue, obtained to limit global warming to well below 2 C, has the potential to help eradicate poverty. In order to better understand the relationship between poverty and climate change mitigation policy, we developed a novel modelling framework that includes a module representing poverty indicators in the conventional integrated assessment model. We found that the poverty gap, which is a measure of the shortfall in income relative to the poverty line, is 84 billion US dollars (USD) and that the carbon tax revenue potential for the above-mentioned 2 C consistent climate change mitigation would be 1600 billion USD in 2030. Many low-income countries cannot fill the poverty gap using only their own domestic revenue; however, this shortfall could be met by using a portion of the revenue in high-income countries. Our results demonstrate that climate change mitigation can have a great potential in synergy effects for resolving poverty and illustrates the importance of international cooperation.