Neither Citizen Nor Subject? 'Lumpen' Agency and the Legacy of Native Administration in Sierra Leone
Neither Citizen Nor Subject? 'Lumpen' Agency and the Legacy of Native Administration in Sierra Leone
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既不是公民也不是臣民？
DOI：
10.1093/afraf/100.400.363
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
R. Fanthorpe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Fanthorpe
最近发生在塞拉利昂的冲突对分析提出了挑战。精英分子并没有像“军阀”政治经济模型所预测的那样突出，但替代性的民族或宗教民族主义尚未出现来填补国家治理的空白。专注于“流氓”或“世俗宗派”机构的学术研究只会强调冲突与战前政治和身份模式的明显脱离。然而，本文认为，长期的排他性过程实际上是这些机构的基础。在这里，中心问题是乡村社会性的本土化进程。这种现象根源于前殖民时代，但英国殖民主义最初强加的“本土行政”制度大大加剧了这种现象。在塞拉利昂的大部分地区，事实上的公民身份对于那些居住在登记征税的老村庄的人来说仍然是一项特权。青年、流动工人和其他地位较低的人不可避免地发现自己在获得基本权利和财产方面的优先顺序被削弱。这一过程中隐含的身份丧失不再在现代教育和就业中找到补偿运动。这里是“流氓”机构迅速发展的沃土，或许也是随后冲突的混乱和残酷的根源。
The recent conflict in Sierra Leone presents a challenge for analysis. Elite elements have not had the prominence predicted by models of ‘warlord’ political economy, but alternative ethnic or religious nationalisms have yet to come forward to fill the lacunae in state governance. Scholarship focusing on ‘lumpen’ or ‘secular sectarian’ agency only serves to emphasize the conflict's apparent detachment from pre‐war patterns of politics and identity. However, it is argued in this article that long‐term exclusionary processes do in fact underlie these agencies. Here, the central issue is localizing processes of rural sociality. This phenomenon has roots in the pre‐colonial era, but it has been greatly exacerbated by regimes of ‘native administration’ originally imposed by British colonialism. In much of Sierra Leone,de factocitizenship remains a privilege for those domiciled in old villages registered for tax collection. Youths, itinerant workers, and other low status individuals inevitably find themselves in attenuating orders of precedence in access to basic rights and properties. The loss of identity implicit in this process no longer finds a compensating movement in modern education and employment. Here is fertile ground for the rapid growth of ‘lumpen’ agency and perhaps much of the chaos and brutality of the subsequent conflict.