Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice
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犯罪学和刑事司法百科全书
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_347
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McNeill F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McNeill F
这一章的标题可能看起来很奇怪。对许多人来说，惩罚和改造是我们必须选择的两种选择，而不是潜在的同义词或提及类似过程的替代方式。惩罚能成为改过自新吗？难道改造的支持者不倾向于认为犯罪植根于人们对社会排斥和不公正的体验，认为个人（刑事）责任（惩罚的合法性最终取决于此）的比喻是错误的，并强调国家有责任以某种方式解决产生犯罪的混乱吗？惩罚，至少对一些改过自新的人来说，似乎只不过是一件花哨的斗篷，用来遮盖那些认为自己是无辜的人的本能，（荒谬的是，这些批评者会说），有一些明智的，适当的和公平的关于堆积伤害。然而，许多改过自新的实践者，甚至那些同情这些对惩罚的批评的人，坚持相信人们有能力改变自己和处境;做出不同的选择;克服自己的处境;创造一个不同的、更美好的未来。即使是那些在犯罪行为和问题的起源方面具有决定性的人，在谈到接受康复的人的未来前景时，似乎也会成为自由意志或人类机构力量的信徒（即使在强烈的社会和结构压力下）。此外，许多康复主义者也有一种强烈的正义感或不正义感，这反映在他们要求国家荣誉其对那些不良生活经历已被证明是“犯罪成因”的人的义务上。
The title of this chapter may seem an odd one. For many people, punishment and rehabilitation are alternatives between which we must choose, rather than potential synonyms or alternative ways of referring to similar processes. Can punishment ever be rehabilitation? Don’t rehabilitation’s supporters tend to see offending as rooted in people’s experience of social exclusion and injustice, to regard the trope of individual (criminal) responsibility (on which the legitimacy of punishment ultimately depends) as misconceived, and to stress the duty of the state somehow to fix the mess that produced crime? Punishment, at least for some rehabilitationists, seems little more than a fancy cloak to drape around the otherwise nakedly vengeful instincts of those that think (absurdly, these critics would argue) that there is something sensible, appropriate and fair about piling hurt on hurt.And yet, many practitioners of rehabilitation–even those sympathetic to these criticisms of punishment–hold on to a belief in the capacity of people to change themselves and their situations; to make different choices; to overcome their circumstances; to author a different and better future. Even those who are deterministic when it came to the genesis of criminal behaviors and problems, somehow seem to become believers in free will or the power of human agency (even under intense social and structural pressures) when it come to the future prospects of people undergoing rehabilitation. Moreover, many rehabilitationists also have an acute sense of justice or injustice, reflected in their demands that the state honor its obligations to those whose adverse life experiences have proved ‘criminogenic’.