Interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection.
Interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection.
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预防性传播感染（包括艾滋病毒感染）的干预措施。
DOI：
10.1093/cid/cir695
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cates,Willard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marrazzo,JeanneM;Cates,Willard
疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）性传播疾病（STD）治疗指南最近一次更新是在2006年。为了更新2010年美国疾病控制与预防中心性病治疗指南的“预防服务临床指南”部分，我们回顾了有关预防获得性病（包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染）的干预措施的最新科学研究。主要的间歇发展包括(1)批准和接受针对生殖器人类乳头瘤病毒的免疫接种，(2)确认男性包皮环切术是预防艾滋病毒感染和其他性传播感染的有效工具，(3)一种有希望的艾滋病毒候选疫苗未能提供预防艾滋病毒感染的保护，(4)鼓励使用抗逆转录病毒药物作为暴露前预防，以降低艾滋病毒和单纯疱疹病毒感染的风险。(5)加强对沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌感染者的快速伴侣管理和重新筛查的重视；(6)认识到需要采取行为干预措施，以应对男男性行为者中性传播丙型肝炎的新趋势；(7)改进女用避孕套的可用性。需要采取一系列预防性干预措施，以降低性活跃人群感染性传播感染（包括艾滋病毒感染）的风险，并采取针对特定人群的灵活方法，将生物医学、行为和结构干预措施结合起来。理想情况下，这将涉及一系列预防背景，包括(1)性伴侣之间的沟通和实践，(2)个人客户与其医疗保健提供者之间的交易，以及(3)全面的人口层面战略，以优先考虑预防研究，确保准确的结果评估，并制定卫生政策。
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Treatment Guidelines were last updated in 2006. To update the “Clinical Guide to Prevention Services” section of the 2010 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines, we reviewed the recent science with reference to interventions designed to prevent acquisition of STDs, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Major interval developments include (1) licensure and uptake of immunization against genital human papillomavirus, (2) validation of male circumcision as a potent prevention tool against acquisition of HIV and some other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), (3) failure of a promising HIV vaccine candidate to afford protection against HIV acquisition, (4) encouragement about the use of antiretroviral agents as preexposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of HIV and herpes simplex virus acquisition, (5) enhanced emphasis on expedited partner management and rescreening for persons infected withChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeae, (6) recognition that behavioral interventions will be needed to address a new trend of sexually transmitted hepatitis C among men who have sex with men, and (7) the availability of a modified female condom. A range of preventive interventions is needed to reduce the risks of acquiring STI, including HIV infection, among sexually active people, and a flexible approach targeted to specific populations should integrate combinations of biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions. These would ideally involve an array of prevention contexts, including (1) communications and practices among sexual partners, (2) transactions between individual clients and their healthcare providers, and (3) comprehensive population-level strategies for prioritizing prevention research, ensuring accurate outcome assessment, and formulating health policy.