In line or at odds with active ageing policies? Exploring patterns of retirement preferences in Europe
In line or at odds with active ageing policies? Exploring patterns of retirement preferences in Europe
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DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x1400035x
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hofaecker, Dirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofaecker, Dirk
面对人口老龄化，自上世纪90年代中期以来，欧洲政策制定者已从鼓励提前退休转向通过减少提前退出激励和促进工作延续来促进延长工作寿命。然而，这些改革是否反映在退休计划和未来领取养老金的人群的偏好中，仍有待观察。本文利用欧洲社会调查第五次浪潮（2010/11年浪潮）中关于期望退休年龄的最新数据，实证研究了当前政策改革在多大程度上符合45岁及以上老年工人的退休年龄偏好。结果显示，接近退休年龄的老年工人仍打算在政治上设想的65岁之前退休，在许多情况下，他们还打算在国家规定的标准退休年龄之前退休。尽管在实施积极的老龄化措施方面取得了明显进展，但激励老年工人继续工作直至甚至超过退休年龄的挑战仍然存在。与此同时，某些特定体制的问题群体在适应工作寿命延长的主动老龄化模式方面面临困难。特别是在就业支助很少的国家，那些职业不稳定、就业中断和财政资源很少的人很有可能被挤出职业生涯后期的就业，从而失去确保晚年体面生活水平的可能性。
Faced with demographic ageing, European policy makers since the mid-1990s have taken a turn from fostering early retirement to promoting longer working life by reducing early exit incentives and facilitating work continuation. However, it remains open whether these reforms are yet reflected in the retirement plans and preferences of future pensioners' cohorts. Using most recent data on desired retirement ages from the fifth wave of the European Social Survey (2010/11 wave), this paper empirically investigates how far current policy reforms are in line with the retirement age preferences of older workers aged 45 and over. Results show that older workers approaching retirement ages still intend to retire before the politically envisioned age of 65, and in many cases also before nationally defined standard retirement ages. Despite visible progress in implementing active ageing measures, the challenge of motivating older workers to continue working until or even beyond retirement ages thus remains. At the same time, there are regime-specific problem groups that face difficulties in adjusting to the active ageing paradigm of longer working life. Especially in countries with little employment support, those with unstable work careers, employment interruptions and few financial resources are at a high risk of being crowded out from late career employment and thus from the possibility of ensuring a decent standard of living in old age.