Origins and spread of fluted-point technology in the Canadian Ice-Free Corridor and eastern Beringia
Origins and spread of fluted-point technology in the Canadian Ice-Free Corridor and eastern Beringia
复制标题
加拿大无冰走廊和白令海峡东部槽点技术的起源和传播
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
T. Goebel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heather L. Smith;T. Goebel
意义我们报道了对考古材料的几何形态和分支分析，确定了北美北极、加拿大西部的无冰走廊和12000年前的北美温带之间的早期人类互动，当时走廊被推测是在大陆冰盖最初退缩后开放的。这些发现为从事晚更新世基因组、进化、生态学、气候学、地质学和人类学研究的广泛科学家提供了人类在美洲扩散的具体证据，并将考古记录置于新的遗传模型的背景下，记录了最初的移民到美国，以及对加拿大西部内陆最早的宜居环境的开放的古生态学解释。有凹槽的抛射点长期以来一直被认为是早期人类散布在西半球的考古标志；然而，我们仍然缺乏对它们出现在加拿大西部和贝林吉亚东部的内陆“无冰走廊”中的清楚了解。为了解决这一问题，我们从阿拉斯加北部和育空地区的考古记录中对凹槽技术特征进行了几何形态分析和系统发育分析，并结合加拿大南部、大平原和美国东部的文物，调查了最新更新世和最早的全新世凹槽技术传播中历史关联性和演化模式的合理性。结果将克洛维斯、某些加拿大西部和北部凹槽点的形态和技术联系在一起，表明凹槽技术从无冰走廊内部的近距离来源到达北极，最终来自北美温带地区的最早种群，补充了解释美洲人居住的新基因组模型。
Significance We report geometric morphometric and cladistic analyses of archaeological materials establishing early human interaction between the North American Arctic, western Canadian “Ice-Free Corridor,” and temperate North America prior to 12,000 years ago, when the Corridor is inferred to have opened after initial retreat of the continental ice sheets. The findings inform a broad range of scientists engaged in genomic, evolutionary, ecological, climatological, geological, and anthropological studies of the late Pleistocene, providing tangible evidence of human dispersal through the Americas and placing the archaeological record in the context of new genetic models chronicling the initial migration into America, as well as paleoecological interpretations of the “opening” of interior western Canada’s earliest habitable environments. Fluted projectile points have long been recognized as the archaeological signature of early humans dispersing throughout the Western Hemisphere; however, we still lack a clear understanding of their appearance in the interior “Ice-Free Corridor” of western Canada and eastern Beringia. To solve this problem, we conducted a geometric morphometric shape analysis and a phylogenetic analysis of technological traits on fluted points from the archaeological records of northern Alaska and Yukon, in combination with artifacts from further south in Canada, the Great Plains, and eastern United States to investigate the plausibility of historical relatedness and evolutionary patterns in the spread of fluted-point technology in the latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene. Results link morphologies and technologies of Clovis, certain western Canadian, and northern fluted points, suggesting that fluting technology arrived in the Arctic from a proximate source in the interior Ice-Free Corridor and ultimately from the earliest populations in temperate North America, complementing new genomic models explaining the peopling of the Americas.