From ark to bank: extinction, proxies and biocapitals in ex-situ biodiversity conservation practices
From ark to bank: extinction, proxies and biocapitals in ex-situ biodiversity conservation practices
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DOI：
10.1080/13527258.2018.1512146
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发表时间：
2020-01-02
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Harrison, Rodney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breithoff, Esther;Harrison, Rodney
本文采用一种批判性的方法来理解自然遗产保护的社会和文化“工作”，特别关注移地生物多样性冷冻保存实践。根据英国“冷冻方舟”（一个旨在保护濒危动物物种DNA的“冷冻动物园”）的人种学田野调查，本文将非人类动物生物库的发展与当前对生物多样性预期损失的担忧联系起来。这些发展推动了克隆、灭绝物种恢复、重新野生化和可能的物种重新引入等技术、技术和实践的进步，正在播下新的全球未来。虽然这为重新思考“自然”本身的本质提供了动力，作为这种保护实践所积极创造的东西，但我们也希望通过讨论保护代理、生物银行和生物资本之间的关系，为分析迁地和原位自然遗产保护实践的一系列关键概念的发展做出贡献，从而进一步阐明它们在构建独特未来中的作用。我们认为，与遗产相关的价值问题和未来创造的作用不能与经济问题的分析分离，因此，本文是在对晚期资本主义全球经济中迁地生物多样性冷冻保存的位置进行更广泛讨论的框架内进行的。
This paper takes a critical approach to understanding the social and cultural 'work' of natural heritage conservation, focussing specifically on ex-situ biodiversity cryopreservation practices. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with the Frozen Ark, a UK-based 'frozen zoo' aiming to preserve the DNA of endangered animal species, the paper situates the development of non-human animal biobanks in relation to current anxieties regarding the anticipated loss of biodiversity. These developments are seeding new global futures by driving advances in technologies, techniques and practices of cloning, de-extinction, re-wilding and potential species re-introduction. While this provides impetus to rethink the nature of 'nature' itself, as something which is actively made by such conservation practices, we also aim to make a contribution to the development of a series of critical concepts for analysis of ex-situ and in-situ natural heritage preservation practices, which further illuminates their roles in building distinctive futures, through discussion of the relationship between conservation proxies, biobanking and biocapitals. We suggest that questions of value and the role of future making in relation to heritage cannot be disassociated from an analysis of economic issues, and, therefore, the paper is framed within a broader discussion of the place of ex-situ biodiversity cryopreservation in the late capitalist global economy.