Estimation of Sensible Heat Flux and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Estimation of Sensible Heat Flux and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos10070363
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kwon, Byung Hyuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Min-Seong;Kwon, Byung Hyuk
在这项工作中，用三维超声波风速计或表层闪烁计在不同的地点验证了用整体传输方法估算的感热通量。结果表明，在适当的参考高度上获得温度和风速仍然是具有挑战性的。为了克服这一点，考虑使用无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)进行替代观测。通过间接估算无人机的风速和感热通量，利用感热通量数据推算出大气边界层高度。通过在无人机旋转翼上方40厘米处安装温度传感器来测量无人机观测到的气温，并使用无人机惯性测量单元记录的姿态数据(俯仰、滚转和偏航角度)估计基于无人机的风速。基于无人机的风速接近自动天气系统观测的风速，误差范围约为10%。整体转移法估算的无人机感热通量与涡旋相关法估算的感热通量基本一致，误差在20%左右。基于无人机的归一化感热通量与基于无线电探空仪的归一化ABL高度之间存在线性关系。
In this work, sensible heat flux estimated using a bulk transfer method was validated with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer or surface layer scintillometer at various sites. Results indicate that it remains challenging to obtain temperature and wind speed at an appropriate reference height. To overcome this, alternative observations using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were considered. UAV-based wind speed and sensible heat flux were indirectly estimated and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height was then derived using the sensible heat flux data. UAV-observed air temperature was measured by attaching a temperature sensor 40 cm above the rotary-wing of the UAV, and UAV-based wind speed was estimated using attitude data (pitch, roll, and yaw angles) recorded using the UAV's inertial measurement unit. UAV-based wind speed was close to the automatic weather system-observed wind speed, within an error range of approximately 10%. UAV-based sensible heat flux estimated from the bulk transfer method corresponded with sensible heat flux determined using the eddy correlation method, within an error of approximately 20%. A linear relationship was observed between the normalized UAV-based sensible heat flux and radiosonde-based normalized ABL height.