PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: A mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation

PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: A mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation
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DOI:
10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00425-8
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发表时间:
2003-11-01
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Firulli, AB
Firulli, AB
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Firulli, BA;Howard, MJ;Firulli, AB

文献摘要

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bHLH 因子 HAND1 和 HAND2 是心脏、血管、神经元、肢体和胚胎外发育所必需的。与大多数 bHLH 蛋白不同,HAND 因子表现出混杂的二聚化特性。我们报告说,通过 PKA、PKC 和特定异源三聚体蛋白磷酸酶 2A (PP2A) 的磷酸化/去磷酸化可调节 HAND 功能。 PP2A 靶向亚基 B56delta 与 HAND1 和 -2 特异性相互作用,但不与其他 bHLH 蛋白相互作用。 PKA 和 PKC 在体内磷酸化 HAND 蛋白,只有含有 B56delta 的 PP2A 复合物才能降低 HAND1 磷酸化水平。在 RCHOI 滋养层干细胞分化过程中,B56delta 表达下调,HAND1 磷酸化增加。磷酸化残基的突变会导致 HAND1 二聚化和生物学功能的改变。综上所述,这些结果表明位点特异性磷酸化调节 HAND 因子功能特异性。
The bHLH factors HAND1 and HAND2 are required for heart, vascular, neuronal, limb, and extraembryonic development. Unlike most bHLH proteins, HAND factors exhibit promiscuous dimerization properties. We report that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation via PKA, PKC, and a specific heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) modulates HAND function. The PP2A targeting-subunit B56delta specifically interacts with HAND1 and -2, but not other bHLH proteins. PKA and PKC phosphorylate HAND proteins in vivo, and only B56delta-containing PP2A complexes reduce levels of HAND1 phosphorylation. During RCHOI trophoblast stem cell differentiation, B56delta expression is downregulated and HAND1 phosphorylation increases. Mutations in phosphorylated residues result in altered HAND1 dimerization and biological function. Taken together, these results suggest that site-specific phosphorylation regulates HAND factor functional specificity.